1. Faulty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; 3. Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Xi’an 710054, China
The third terrace of the Yellow River was well developed in Xunhua basin in the north-east margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The terrace was formed at ca 75 ka as dated by the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) method. On the basis of grain size, magnetic susceptibility and palynological data, six episodes of the climatic change were identified in Xunhua basin; they include very warm and humid period during 120–114 ka, cool and dry period during 114–105 ka, warm and humid period during 105–98 ka, gradually cooling period during 98–85 ka, warm and humid period during 85–75 ka, very cold and dry period during 75–63 ka. The six stages of climatic change recorded in Xunhua basin correspond to the marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) of 5e, 5d, 5c, 5b, 5a and 4, respectively.
. Late Pleistocene sedimentary sequences and paleoclimate changes in Xunhua basin in the upper reach of Yellow River in China[J]. Frontiers of Earth Science, 2012, 6(3): 297-305.
Fang HAN, Kexin ZHANG, Junliang JI, Yadong XU, Fenning CHEN, Xiaohu KOU. Late Pleistocene sedimentary sequences and paleoclimate changes in Xunhua basin in the upper reach of Yellow River in China. Front Earth Sci, 2012, 6(3): 297-305.
Antoine P, Lautridou J P, Laurent M (2000). Long-term fluvial archives in NW France: response of the Seine and Somme rivers to tectonic movements, climatic variations and sea-level changes. Geomorphology , 33(3–4): 183–207 doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00122-1
2
Blum M D, T?rnqvist T E (2000). Fluvial responses to climate and sea-level change: a review and look forward. Sedimentology , 47(suppl 1): 2–48
3
Bridgland D, Maddy D (1995). River terraces as records of Quaternary climate oscillations. In: XIV International Congress on Quaternary Research (INQUA), Berlin , 37
4
Bull W B (1991). Geomorphic Responses to Climatic Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1–326
5
Chang H, An Z S, Qiang X K, Song Y G, Fu C F (2005). Formation of fluvial terrace and its tectonic and climate significance. Marine Geology Letters , 21(2): 8–11 (in Chinese)
6
Faegri K, Iversen J (1989). Textbook of Pollen Analysis, 4th ed. New York: Wiley Press, 1–328
7
Fuller I C, Macklin M G, Lewin J, Passmore D G, Wintle A G (1998). River response to high-frequency climate oscillations in Southern Europe over the past 200 ka. Geology , 26(3): 275–278 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0275:RRTHFC>2.3.CO;2
8
Geological Survey of China University of Geosciences (2006a). The Peoples Republic of China Regional Geological Report of Linxia Map (I48C001001) (Scale: 1∶ 250000). Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 27–127 (in Chinese)
9
Geological Survey of China University of Geosciences (2006b). The Peoples Republic of China Regional Geological Report of Dingxi Map (I48C001002) (Scale: 1∶ 250000). Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 1–457 (in Chinese)
10
Grün R (2001). Trapped Charge Dating (ESR, TL, OSL). London: Wiley Press, 47–62
11
Kasse C, Bohncke S, Vandenberghe J (1995). Fluvial periglacial environments, climate and vegetation during the middle Weichselian with special reference to the Hengelo Interstadial. Mededlingen Rijks Geologische Dienst , 52: 387–413
12
Konert M, Vandenberghe J (1997). Comparison of laser grain size analysis with pipette and sieve analysis: a solution for the underestimation of the clay fraction. Sedimentology , 44(3): 523–535 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3091.1997.d01-38.x
13
Li H M, Yang X Q, Friedrich H, Li H T (2008). High resolution magnetostratigraphy and deposition cycles in the Nihewan Basin (North China) and their significance for stone artifact dating. Quaternary Research , 69(2): 250–262 doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.11.002
14
Li J J (1991). The environmental effects of uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Quaternary Science Reviews , 10(6): 479–483 doi: 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90041-R
15
Liu T S (1985). Loess and the Environment. Beijing: China Science Press, 44–112 (in Chinese)
16
Maddy D, Bridgland D, Westaway R (2001). Up lift-driven valley incision and climate-controlled five terrace development in the Thames Valley, UK. Quaternary International , 79(1): 23–36 doi: 10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00120-8
17
Murray A S, Roberts R G (1998). Measurement of the equivalent dose in quartz using a regenerative-dose single-aliquot protocol. Radiation Measurements , 29 (1): 503–515
18
Nádor A, Lantos M, Tóth-Makk á, Thamó-Bozsó E (2003). Milankovitch-scale multi-proxy records from fluvial sediments of the last 2.6 Ma, Pannonian Basin, Hungary. Quaternary Science Reviews , 22(20): 2157–2175 doi: 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00134-3
19
Pan B T, Li J J, Cao J X, Chen F H (1996). Study on the geomorphic evolution and development of the Yellow River in the Hualong Basin. Mountain Research , 14(3): 153–158 (in Chinese)
20
Pan B T, Su H, Liu X F, Hu X F, Zhou T, Hu C S, Li J J (2007). River terraces of the Yellow River and their genesis in eastern Lanzhou Basin during last 1.2 Ma. Quaternary Science , 27(2): 172–180 (in Chinese)
21
Penck A, Brückner E (1909). The Alps in the Ice Age. Leipzig: Tauchnitz Press, 1199
22
Shen H Y, Jia Y L, Zhang H M, Wei L, Wang P L (2006). Environmental change inferred from granular size character of lacustrine sediment in Inner Mongolia Huangqihai, during 8.0–2.2 ka BP. Arid Land Geography , 29(4): 457–462 (in Chinese)
23
Sheng Y C, Gong G Y (1986). Outline of River Geomorphology. Beijing: China Science Press, 57–71 (in Chinese)
24
Thompson R, Oldfield F (1986). Environmental Magnetism. London: Allen & Unwin, 1–227
25
Vandenberghe J (1993). Changing fluvial processes under changing periglacial conditions. Z Geomorphol , 88: 17–28
26
Vandenberghe J (1995). Timescales, climate and river development. Quaternary Science Reviews , 14(6): 631–638 doi: 10.1016/0277-3791(95)00043-O
27
Vandenberghe J, Lu H Y, Sun D H, van Huissteden J K, Konert M (2004). The Late Miocene and Pliocene climate in East Asia as recorded by grain size and magnetic susceptibility of the red clay deposits (Chinese Loess Plateau). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol , 204(3–4): 239–255 doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00729-6
28
Wang J, Liu Z C, Jiang W G, Dong L X, Zhu M Z, Gao F (1996). A relationship between susceptibility and grain-size and minerals, and their paleo-environmental implications. Journal of Geographical Science , 51(2): 155–163 (in Chinese)
29
Wang P, Jiang H C, Yuan D Y, Liu X W (2008). Stratigraphic structures and ages of the second and third fluvial terraces along the bank of the Yellow River in Lanzhou Basin, Western China, and their environmental implications. Quaternary Science , 28(4): 553–563 (in Chinese)
30
Wang P, Jiang H C, Yuan D Y, Liu X W, Zhang B (2010). Optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments from the Yellow River terraces in Lanzhou: tectonic and climatic implications. Quat Geochronol , 5(2–3): 181–186 doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2009.05.009
31
Yang J C (1985). Outline of Geomorphology. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 26–70 (in Chinese)
32
Yao T D, Thompson L G, Shi Y F, Qin D H, Jiao K Q, Yang Z H, Tian L D, Thompson E M (1997). Climate variation since the Last Interglaciation recorded in the Guliya ice core. Science in China (D): Earth Sci , 40(6): 662–668
33
Yue L P, Lei X Y, Qu J H (1997). The age of terrace development in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Geological Review , 43(2): 186–192 (in Chinese)
34
Zhang K X, Wang G C, Ji J L, Luo M S, Kou X H, Wang Y M, Xu Y D, Chen F N, Chen R M, Song B W, Zhang J Y, Liang Y P (2010). Paleogene-Neogene stratigraphic realm and sedimentary sequence of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their response to uplift of the plateau. Science in China (D): Earth Sci, , 53(9): 1271–1294
35
Zhang Z K, Wang S M, Yang X D, Jiang F C, Shen J, Li X S (2004). Evidence of a geological event and environmental change in the catchment area of the Yellow River at 0.15 Ma. Quaternary International , 117(1): 35–40
36
Zhao Z M, Liu B C (2003). Relation between the formation of the Yellow River valley landforms from Gonghe, Qinghai to Lanzhou, Gansu and the up lifting in northeast part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. North Western Geology , 36(2): 1–12 (in Chinese)
