1. Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy, MOE, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China 2. Tianjin Research Institute of Architecture Design & Urban Planning, Tianjin 300073, China
Energy-saving awareness of heat users and heating enterprises can be stimulated by implementing heat metering for public buildings and by establishing scientific and reasonable policies for heat prices in China. In this paper, a two-part heat price for public buildings in Tianjin is introduced, which divides the heat price into a basic part and a metering part. According to the statistical analysis of information collected from two pilot heating enterprises, the specific heat load for public buildings in Tianjin is calculated, and three candidate schemes of heat price are proposed. A simulation of heat cost is also conducted, and the benefits for both heat users and heating enterprises are balanced. Finally, the two-part heat price for public buildings in Tianjin is determined: the basic heat price is recommended to be 20 CNY/m2, and the metering heat price is recommended to be 76.10 CNY/GJ. Such a price could be implemented in the initial stage of heat metering for public buildings in Tianjin.
For the benefit of heating enterprises, ensure their income after two-part heat tariff reform
The generalized mean value of actual heat consumption per unit area (62.61 kWh/m2)
It ensures the income of heating enterprises to the greatest extent. But, the payments by different heat users change significantly, which may affect their enthusiasm for heat price policy
63
Idea 2
For the benefit of heat users, reduce the heat costs by 50% in public buildings
The median value of actual heat consumption per unit area (72.72 kWh/m2)
Heat price policy is supported by half of the heat users who receive a refund, stimulating energy-saving measures in heat users who pay more heat costs
73
Idea 3
For the benefit of heat users, and considering the average heat consumption.
The mean value of actual heat consumption per unit area (95.02 kWh/m2)
It accounts for the benefits of all heat users, but may cause great reduction in the income of heating enterprises
95
Tab.4
Specific heat load (kWh·m−2)
Ratio of basic heat price to metering heat price
Basic heat price (CNY·m−2)
Metering heat price/ (CNY·kWh−1)
Metering heat price/ (CNY·GJ−1)a
Scheme 1
63
5:5
20
0.3175
88.18
3:7
12
0.4444
123.46
Scheme 2
73
5:5
20
0.2740
76.10
3:7
12
0.3836
106.54
Scheme 3
95
5:5
20
0.2105
58.48
3:7
12
0.2947
81.87
Tab.5
Fig.5
Year
Quantity proportion of public buildings getting refund
Basic heat price ratio 50%
Basic heat price ratio 30%
Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
2008
23.8
42.9
61.9
23.8
42.9
61.9
2009
34.8
39.1
56.5
34.8
39.1
56.5
2010
40.5
54.8
69.0
40.5
54.8
69.0
2011
33.3
47.6
76.2
33.3
47.6
76.2
2012
45.8
58.3
70.8
45.8
58.3
70.8
Average
35.6
48.5
66.9
35.6
48.5
66.9
Tab.6
Fig.6
Fig.7
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