Progress in use of surfactant in nearly static conditions in natural gas hydrate formation
Zhen PAN1, Yi WU1, Liyan SHANG2(), Li ZHOU2, Zhien ZHANG3
1. College of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China 2. College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China 3. William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Natural gas hydrate is an alternative energy source with a great potential for development. The addition of surfactants has been found to have practical implications on the acceleration of hydrate formation in the industrial sector. In this paper, the mechanisms of different surfactants that have been reported to promote hydrate formation are summarized. Besides, the factors influencing surfactant-promoted hydrate formation, including the type, concentration, and structure of the surfactant, are also described. Moreover, the effects of surfactants on the formation of hydrate in pure water, brine, porous media, and systems containing multiple surfactants are discussed. The synergistic or inhibitory effects of the combinations of these additives are also analyzed. Furthermore, the process of establishing kinetic and thermodynamic models to simulate the factors affecting the formation of hydrate in surfactant-containing solutions is illustrated and summarized.
. [J]. Frontiers in Energy, 2020, 14(3): 463-481.
Zhen PAN, Yi WU, Liyan SHANG, Li ZHOU, Zhien ZHANG. Progress in use of surfactant in nearly static conditions in natural gas hydrate formation. Front. Energy, 2020, 14(3): 463-481.
Among them, at higher concentrations (800–1600 ppm), the formation rate of hydrate in APG solution was very fast, the induction time was shortened to about 15min, and the induction time at 200 ppm in SDBS system was 25–30 min
[54]
SDBS
anionic
0–2000
2
SDS
anionic
100, 200, 500, 700, 900, 1200
All three can reduce the phase equilibrium point and induction time of the hydrate
[77]
CTAB
cationic
200, 300, 500, 700, 900
P123
nonionic
100, 300, 500, 900
3
SDS
anionic
300, 500, 1000
SDS effectively accelerated the rate of hydrate formation at three concentrations. LABS increased the rate of hydrate formation at 0.05 wt% and 0.1 wt%, but decreased at 0.03 wt%. In addition, CTAB and ENP promoted the hydrate formation at 0.01 wt%, and weaken at 0.03 and 0.05 wt%
[72]
LABORATORIES
anionic
CTAB
cationic
ENF
nonionic
4
SDS
anionic
300, 500
Compared to pure water, each test can greatly shorten the induction time of hydrate formation in the presence of surfactant. The induction time of the mixture of SDS (ppm) and HTABr (100 ppm) was the smallest
[106]
HTABr
cationic
300, 500, 700
Brij-58
nonionic
300, 500, 700
5
PVP
nonionic
50, 100
PVP showed a dual effect of promoting and inhibiting hydrate nucleation in the test
[68]
6
SDS
anionic
80, 125, 1000, 2000, 4000
SDS at 0.1 wt% or above was quite effective for increasing hydrate formation rate and gas conversion rate. STS was less effective to promot hydrate formation
[59]
STS
anionic
7, 35, 100, 400, 600
SHS
anionic
3, 10, 20, 40, 160
7
LABSA
anionic
50, 100, 1000, 10000
With the addition of LABSA, the rate of hydrate formation increased; low concentrations of ETHOXALATE also increased the rate of hydrate formation, and DAM promoted less than anionic and cationic surfactants
[56]
DAM
cationic
ETHOXALATE
nonionic
8
Aerosol-OT/AOT
anionic
380
According to the analysis of infrared spectrum, SDS had obvious acceleration effect on hydrate formation, and CPC had no effect on its formation
[53]
SDS
anionic
CPC
cationic
9
SDS
anionic
Upon addition of the surfactant, a higher hydrate density was obtained and hydrate formation was accelerated
[6]
PEG400
cationic
10
SDS
anionic
500, 700, 900, 1100
As the amount of surfactant increased, the rate of hydrate formation increased and the induction time decreased. The effect of anionic SDS on hydrate formation rate was the most significant, and cation HTABr had the greatest influence on induction time
[52]
HTABr
cationic
Tritonx-405
nonionic
11
SDS
anionic
1000–4000
When using SDS and SDSN, all reaction times were reduced to less than 40 min. While in SDBS, it took several hours to achieve pressure balance
[58]
SDSN
anionic
SDBS
anionic
12
SDS
anionic
0, 1000, 2000, 3000
The addition of DTAC had little effect on the formation of methane hydrate. SDS, DAH and DN2Cl had obvious promoting effects on methane hydrate formation. SDS had a higher hydrate formation rate than the other two,but at 0.1 and 0.2 wt%, DN2Cl had a better methane uptake than SDS
[78]
DAH
cationic
DTACl
cationic
DN2Cl
nonionic
Tab.1
Fig.4
Fig.5
Fig.6
Fig.7
Number
Compounding
Conclusion
References
1
SDS+ quartz sand+ NaCl (50, 100, 200 mmol)
The combination of porous media and surfactants had a positive effect on hydrate formation kinetics and hydrate formation. When the NaCl concentration was 50 mmol, the methane consumption was higher than that of pure water
[11]
2
T40, T40/T80 (1:1), T40/T80 (4:1)
Surfactant T40 had a more pronounced effect in promoting hydrate nucleation and shortening induction time compared to the compound system
[37]
3
SDS (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 wt%) + 3 mol% THF
The addition of THF further increased the rate of hydrate formation, shortened the induction time, and the gas consumption could be more than twice
[102]
4
SDS (0.005, 0.05 wt%) + 5 mol% THF
The solution system after the addition of THF had a faster nucleation rate and a higher gas storage capacity
[103]
5
propanone+ SDS
The rate of hydrate formation was not significantly affected when the acetone concentration was less than 0.03 mol, but the rate of formation of hydrate was increased at high concentrations
[105]
6
THF, SDS+ THF, SDBS+ THF
The addition of an anionic surfactant increased the rate of hydrate formation. In contrast, the rate of formation of hydrates in THF+ SDBS was much better than that of THF+ SDS
[104]
7
TBAB+ SDS
The addition of 0.15 wt% SDS to the 20 wt% TBAB system increased the gas consumption rate to 177%
[107]
8
TBAB+ SDS+ silica sand
The amount of methane absorbed in the TBAB+ SDS system was higher than in other systems, indicating that the two surfactants produced a synergistic effect. In addition, it had good hydrate kinetics in porous media
[108]
Tab.2
Fig.8
Fig.9
Fig.10
Fig.11
n
Oxygen-oxygen logarithm of water molecules
a
Activity
ΔH
Enthalpy of formation of a hydrate/J
T
Hydrate formation temperature in the presence of an inhibitor/K
T0
Hydrate formation temperature of pure water/K
R
Universal gas constant
x
Mole fraction
Greek letters
ϕ
Twist angle between the farthest O-H vectors of the two water molecules
Subscripts
w
Water
a
Acetone
1
M Y Semenov, I K Ivanova, V V Koryakina. Peculiarities of natural gas hydrate formation from ice in reactors under high pressure. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018, 193: 012061
2
P Bhade, J Phirani. Effect of geological layers on hydrate dissociation in natural gas hydrate reservoirs. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 26: 1549–1560 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.05.016
3
L Ding, B Shi, Y Liu, S Song, W Wang, H Wu, J Gong. Rheology of natural gas hydrate slurry: effect of hydrate agglomeration and deposition. Fuel, 2019, 239: 126–137 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.110
4
A Kumar, G Bhattacharjee, B D Kulkarni, R Kumar. Role of surfactants in promoting gas hydrate formation. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015, 54(49): 12217–12232 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03476
5
Z Pan, Z Liu, Z Zhang, L Shang, S Ma. Effect of silica sand size and saturation on methane hydrate formation in the presence of SDS. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2018, 56: 266–280 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2018.06.018
6
Z Pan, Z Wang, Z Zhang, G Ma, L Zhang, Y Huang. Natural gas hydrate formation dynamics in a diesel water-in-oil emulsion system. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2018, 36(20): 1649–1656 https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2018.1501386
7
E D Jr Sloan. Fundamental principles and applications of natural gas hydrates. Nature, 2003, 426(6964): 353–359 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02135
8
Y Yang, Y He, Q Zheng. An analysis of the key safety technologies for natural gas hydrate exploitation. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2017, 1(2): 100–104 https://doi.org/10.26804/ager.2017.02.05
9
V V Koryakina, I K Ivanova, M E Semenov. Oil emulsions as medium of natural gas hydrate formation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018, 193: 012035
10
Z Wang, G Ma, Shang L, Zhang L. Effect of a nonionic surfactant on the formation of natural gas hydrate in a diesel emulsion system. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2018, 36(23): 2017–2023 https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2018.1531023
11
X Sun, D Liu, D Chang, W Wang, Z Pan. Analysis of natural gas hydrate formation in sodium dodecyl sulfate and quartz sand complex system under saline environment. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2018, 36(14): 1073–1079 https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2018.1460613
12
D Y Koh, H Kang, J W Lee, Y Park, S J Kim, J Lee, J Y Lee, H Lee. Energy-efficient natural gas hydrate production using gas exchange. Applied Energy, 2016, 162: 114–130 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.082
13
Y F Makogon. Natural gas hydrates—a promising source of energy. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2010, 2(1): 49–59 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2009.12.004
14
E Chaturvedi, N Prasad, A Mandal. Enhanced formation of methane hydrate using a novel synthesized anionic surfactant for application in storage and transportation of natural gas. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2018, 56: 246–257 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2018.06.016
15
E D Sloan. Clathrate hydrates: the other common solid water phase. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2000, 39(9): 3123–3129 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie000574c
16
M Hosseini, A Ghozatloo, M Shariaty-Niassar. Effect of CVD graphene on hydrate formation of natural gas. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 2015, 5(2): 219–226 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-015-0153-2
17
K R Khodaverdiloo, A Erfani, K Peyvandi, F Varaminian. Synergetic effects of polyacrylamide and nonionic surfactants on preventing gas hydrate formation. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016, 30: 343–349 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.02.027
18
Fan S, Yang L, Lang X, et al. Kinetics and thermal analysis of methane hydrate formation in aluminum foam, Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, 82: 185–193
R Ohmura, S Kashiwazaki, S Shiota, H Tsuji, Y H Mori. Structure-I and structure-H hydrate formation using water spraying. Energy & Fuels, 2002, 16(5): 1141–1147 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef0200727
21
W F Kuhs, D K Staykova, A N Salamatin. Formation of methane hydrate from polydisperse ice powders. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2006, 110(26): 13283–13295 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp061060f
22
M T Kezirian, S L Phoenix. Natural gas hydrates to enable the safe, sustainable, and economical production of offshore petroleum reserves. In: Offshore Technology Conference, Houston TX, USA, 2018 https://doi.org/10.4043/29018-MS
23
F Wang, G Guo, S J Luo, R B Guo. Preparation of –SO3−-coated nanopromoters for methane hydrate formation: effects of the existence pattern of –SO3− groups on the promotion efficiency. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2017, 5(6): 2640–2648 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA08839B
24
Y M Song, F Wang, G Guo, S J Luo, R B Guo. Amphiphilic-polymer-coated carbon nanotubes as promoters for methane hydrate formation. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017, 5(10): 9271–9278 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02239
25
D D Link, E P Ladner, H A Elseni, C E Taylor. Formation and dissociation studies for optimizing the uptake of methane by methane hydrates. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2003, 211(1): 1–10 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3812(03)00153-5
P Zhang, Q Wu, C Mu, X Chen. Nucleation mechanisms of CO2 hydrate reflected by gas solubility. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 10441–10452 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28555-y
28
N Kalogerakis, A K M Jamaluddin, P D Dholabhaii, P R Bishnoi. Effect of surfactants on hydrate formation kinetics. In: SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, New Orleans, LA, LSA, 1993
29
C Lo, J Zhang, P Somasundaran, J W Lee. Investigations of surfactant effects on gas hydrate formation via infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2012, 376(1): 173–176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2012.03.012
30
J Tang, D Zeng, C Wang, Y Chen, L He, N Cai. Study on the influence of SDS and THF on hydrate-based gas separation performance. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2013, 91(9): 1777–1782 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2013.03.013
31
V P Mel'nikov, A N Nesterov, V V Feklistov. Formation of gas hydrates in the presence of additives consisting of surface-active substances. Chemistry in the Interests of Sustainable Development, 1998, 6: 97–102 (in Russian)
32
H Tajima, F Kiyono, A Yamasaki. Direct observation of the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the gas hydrate formation process in a static mixer. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(1): 432–438 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef900863y
33
K Okutani, Y Kuwabara, Y H Mori. Surfactant effects on hydrate formation in an unstirred gas/liquid system: amendments to the previous study using HFC-32 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Chemical Engineering Science, 2007, 62(14): 3858–3860 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.04.006
34
T Asaoka, K Ikeda. Observation of the growth characteristics of gas hydrate in the quiescent-type formation method using surfactant. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2017, 478: 1–8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.08.017
G Irvin, S Li, B Simmons, V John, G A R Y McPHERSON, M Max, R Pellenbarg. Control of gas hydrate formation using surfactant systems: underlying concepts and new applications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2000, 912(1): 515–526 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06806.x
37
B Zhang, Q Wu, D Sun. Effect of surfactant Tween on induction time of gas hydrate formation. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 2008, 18(1): 18–21 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-1266(08)60004-8
38
G Bhattacharjee, O S Kushwaha, A Kumar, M Y Khan, J N Patel, R Kumar. Effects of micellization on growth kinetics of methane hydrate. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017, 56(13): 3687–3698 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00328
39
P Di Profio, S Arca, R Germani, G Savelli. Surfactant promoting effects on clathrate hydrate formation: are micelles really involved? Chemical Engineering Science, 2005, 60(15): 4141–4145 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.051
40
J S Zhang, S Lee, J W Lee. Does SDS micellize under methane hydrate-forming conditions below the normal Krafft point? Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2007, 315(1): 313–318 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2007.06.049
41
N Choudhary, V R Hande, S Roy, S Chakrabarty, R Kumar. Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant on methane hydrate formation: a molecular dynamics study. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2018, 122(25): 6536–6542 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02285
42
H Meng , R Guo, F Wang, S Luo, H Xu. Effect of different surfactants on methane hydrate formation. Renewable Energy Resources, 2017, 3: 329–336 (in Chinese)
43
X Qin, Q Wu, B Zhang. Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the process of methane hydrate formation. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2006, 69(7): 519–523
44
C A Koh, R E Westacott, W Zhang, K Hirachand, J L Creek, A K Soper. Mechanisms of gas hydrate formation and inhibition. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2002: 143–151 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00660-4
45
M Wu, S Wang, H Liu. A study on inhibitors for the prevention of hydrate form ation in gas transmission pipeline. Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, 2007, 16(1): 81–85 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-9953(07)60031-0
46
Z R Chong, S H B Yang, P Babu, P Linga, X S Li. Review of natural gas hydrates as an energy resource: prospects and challenges. Applied Energy, 2016, 162: 1633–1652 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.061
47
U Karaaslan, E Uluneye, M Parlaktuna. Effect of an anionic surfactant on different type of hydrate structures. Journal of Petroleum Science Engineering, 2002, 35(1–2): 49–57 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-4105(02)00163-8
48
Z Liu, Y Song, W Liu, C Lang, J Zhao, Y Li. Formation of methane hydrate in oil-water emulsion governed by the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of non-ionic surfactants. Energy & Fuels, 2019, 33(6): 5777–5784 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b01046
49
A M Mankowich. Physicochemical properties of surfactants. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 1953, 45(12): 2759–2766 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50528a056
Y Xie, L Yang, D Liu, Y Meng. Research in surfactant effect on promoting gas hydrates formation. Journal of Refrigeration, 2016, 3: 35–41 (in Chinese)
52
M keshavarz Moraveji, A Ghaffarkhah, A Sadeghi. Effect of three representative surfactants on methane hydrate formation rate and induction time. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2017, 26(2): 331–339 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.05.007
53
F Rauh, J Pfeiffer, B Mizaikoff. Infrared spectroscopy on the role of surfactants during methane hydrate formation. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(62): 39109–39117 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA05242A
54
C S Zhang, S S Fan, D Q Liang, K H Guo. Effect of additives on formation of natural gas hydrate. Fuel, 2004, 83(16): 2115–2121 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.06.002
55
S D Zhou, Y S Yu, X P Zhang, S L Wang, G Z Zhang. Investigation on the effect of surfactant on surface tension of liquids for gas hydrate formation. Natural Gas Chemical Industry, 2013, 38: 42–45
56
U Karaaslan, M Parlaktuna. Surfactants as hydrate promoters? Energy & Fuels, 2000, 14(5): 1103–1107 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef000069s
57
U Karaaslan, M Parlaktuna. Promotion effect of polymers and surfactants on hydrate formation rate. Energy & Fuels, 2002, 16(6): 1413–1416 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef020023u
58
F Wang, Z Z Jia, S J Luo, S F Fu, L Wang, X S Shi, C S Wang, R B Guo. Effects of different anionic surfactants on methane hydrate formation. Chemical Engineering Science, 2015, 137: 896–903 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2015.07.021
59
K Okutani, Y Kuwabara, Y H Mori. Surfactant effects on hydrate formation in an unstirred gas/liquid system: an experimental study using methane and sodium alkyl sulfates. Chemical Engineering Science, 2008, 63(1): 183–194 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.09.012
60
Daimaru T, Yamasaki A, Yanagisawa Y. Effect of surfactant carbon chain length on hydrate formation kinetics. Journal of Petroleum Science Engineering, 2007, 56(1–3): 89–96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2005.07.007
61
J L Zhao, G Y Ma, Z Pan. Influences of alkyl polyglucoside on formation of methane hydrate. Chemical Engineering (China), 2018, 9: 17–22 (in Chinese)
62
D Posteraro, J Ivall, M Maric, P Servio. New insights into the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) concentration on methane hydrate growth. 2. Liquid phase methane mole fraction. Chemical Engineering Science, 2015, 126: 91–98 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.12.008
63
L Zhang, X Zhang, S Wang, S Zhou, L Wang. Effect of composite surfactant on surface tension of gas hydrate formation liquid. Petrochemical Technology, 2013, 42: 1224–1228 (in Chinese)
64
J Verrett, P Servio. Evaluating surfactants and their effect on methane mole fraction during hydrate growth. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012, 51(40): 13144–13149 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie301931m
65
O Salako, C Lo, A Couzis, P Somasundaran, J W Lee. Adsorption of Gemini surfactants onto clathrate hydrates. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2013, 412: 1–6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.09.007
J Liu, G Y Ma, Z Pan, L Y Shang, F Yang, F Z Tan. Experiment on formation and decomposition of methane hydrate. Chemical Engineering, 2015, 43: 35–40 (in Chinese)
68
W Ke, T M Svartaas, J T Kvaløy, B R Kosberg. Inhibition–promotion: dual effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on structure-II hydrate nucleation. Energy & Fuels, 2016, 30(9): 7646–7655 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01321
69
B ZareNezhad, M Mottahedin, F Varaminian. Effects of process variables on the initial gas hydrate formation rate: the case of ethane hydrate formation in the absence or presence of SDS kinetic promoter. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2014, 198: 57–62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2014.06.026
70
B ZareNezhad, M Mottahedin, F Varaminian. Experimental and theoretical investigations on the enhancement of methane gas hydrate formation rate by using the kinetic additives. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2015, 33(8): 857–864 https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2015.1010042
71
H Ganji, H Manteghian M, Rahimi Mofrad. Effect of mixed compounds on methane hydrate formation and dissociation rates and storage capacity. Fuel Processing Technology, 2007, 88(9): 891–895 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.04.010
72
H Ganji, M Manteghian, K Sadaghiani zadeh, M R Omidkhah, H Rahimi Mofrad. Effect of different surfactants on methane hydrate formation rate, stability and storage capacity. Fuel, 2007, 86(3): 434–441 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.07.032
73
B ZareNezhad, F Varaminian. A unified approach for description of gas hydrate formation kinetics in the presence of kinetic promoters in gas hydrate converters. Energy Conversion and Management, 2013, 73: 144–149 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.04.006
74
Q Shi, S Wang, H Yu, S Zhao. Study on surfactivity of natural gas hydrate solution. Natural Gas Chemical Industry, 2011, 36(4): 17–20 (in Chinese)
75
Z Sun, R Wang, R Ma, K Guo, S Fan. Natural gas storage in hydrates with the presence of promoters. Energy Conversion and Management, 2003, 44(17): 2733–2742 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00048-7
76
Z G Sun, R Ma, R Z Wang, K H Guo, S S Fa. Experimental studying of additives effects on gas in hydrates. Energy & Fuels, 2003, 17(5): 1180–1185 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef020191m
J Du, H Li, L Wang. Effects of ionic surfactants on methane hydrate formation kinetics in a static system. Advanced Powder Technology, 2014, 25(4): 1227–1233 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2014.06.002
79
F Jiménez-Ángeles, A Firoozabadi. Hydrophobic hydration and the effect of NaCl salt in the adsorption of hydrocarbons and surfactants on clathrate hydrates. ACS Central Science, 2018, 4(7): 820–831 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.8b00076
80
M J Eastman. Surfactant enhanced methane hydrate growth in quiescent sodium chloride solutions. Disseration for the Master’s Degree. Irvine: University of California, Irvine, 2016
81
Q Zhang, Q Wu, H Zhang. Effect of propane and NaCl-SDS solution on nucleation process of mine gas hydrate. Journal of Chemistry, 2017: 1059109 https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1059109
82
H Delroisse, J P Torré, C Dicharry. Effect of a hydrophilic cationic surfactant on cyclopentane hydrate crystal growth at the water/cyclopentane interface. Crystal Growth & Design, 2017, 17(10): 5098–5107 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.7b00241
83
S Ma, Z Pan, P Li, Y Wu, B Li, J Kang, Z Zhang. Experimental study on preparation of natural gas hydrate by crystallization. China Petroleum Processing and Petrochemical Technology, 2017, 19(1): 106–113 (in Chinese)
84
M Abdi-Khanghah, M Adelizadeh, Z Naserzadeh, H Barati. Methane hydrate formation in the presence of ZnO nanoparticle and SDS: application to transportation and storage. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2018, 54: 120–130 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2018.04.005
85
Y Cui, C Lu, M Wu, Y Peng, Y Yao, W Luo. Review of exploration and production technology of natural gas hydrate. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2018, (1): 53–62
86
E Rezaei, M Manteghian, M Tamaddondar. Kinetic study of ethylene hydrate formation in presence of graphene oxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Journal of Petroleum Science Engineering, 2016, 147: 857–863 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.10.008
87
H Kakati, A Mandal, S Laik. Promoting effect of Al2O3/ZnO-based nanofluids stabilized by SDS surfactant on CH4+C2H6+C3H8 hydrate formation. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016, 35: 357–368 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.01.014
88
A V Palodkar, A K Jana. Fundamental of swapping phenomena in naturally occurring gas hydrates. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 16563 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34926-2
89
M H Yousif, H H Abass, M S Selim, E D Sloan. Experimental and theoretical investigation of methane-gas-hydrate dissociation in porous media. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 1991, 6(1): 69–76 https://doi.org/10.2118/18320-PA
90
S B Cha, H Ouar, T R Wildeman, E D Sloan. A third-surface effect on hydrate formation. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1988, 92(23): 6492–6494 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100334a006
91
Z Xu, Z Zhou, P Du, X Cheng. Effects of nano-silica on hydration properties of tricalcium silicate. Construction & Building Mate-rials, 2016, 125: 1169–1177 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.003
92
C Dicharry, C Duchateau, H Asbaï, D Broseta, J P Torré. Carbon dioxide gas hydrate crystallization in porous silica gel particles partially saturated with a surfactant solution. Chemical Enginee-ring Science, 2013, 98: 88–97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2013.05.015
93
A N Nesterov, A M Reshetnikov, A Y Manakov, T P Adamova. Synergistic effect of combination of surfactant and oxide powder on enhancement of gas hydrates nucleation. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2017, 26(4): 808–814 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2017.04.001
94
Z Liu, Z Pan, Z Zhang, P Liu, L Shang, B Li. Effect of porous media and sodium dodecyl sulphate complex system on methane hydrate formation. Energy & Fuels, 2018, 32(5): 5736–5749 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b00041
95
A Mohammadi, M Manteghian, A Haghtalab, A H Mohammadi, M Rahmati-Abkenar. Kinetic study of carbon dioxide hydrate formation in presence of silver nanoparticles and SDS. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 237: 387–395 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.026
96
A Mohammadi. Effect of SDS, silver nanoparticles, and SDS plus silver nanoparticles on methane hydrate semicompletion time. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2017, 35(15): 1542–1548 https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2017.1316736
97
M K Moraveji, M Golkaram, R Davarnejad. Effect of CuO nanoparticle on dissolution of methane in water. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2013, 180: 45–50 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2012.12.014
98
F Wang, S J Luo, S F Fu, Z Z Jia, M Dai, C S Wang, R Guo B. Methane hydrate formation with surfactants fixed on the surface of polystyrene nanospheres. Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2015, 3(16): 8316–8323 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA01101A
99
R Rogers, G Zhang, J Dearman, C Woods. Investigations into surfactant/gas hydrate relationship. Journal of Petroleum Science Engineering, 2007, 56(1–3): 82–88 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2005.07.006
100
G Q Liu, F Wang, S J Luo, D Y Xu, R B Guo. Enhanced methane hydrate formation with SDS-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles as promoters. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017, 230: 315–321 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.12.050
101
R M de Deugd, M D Jager, J de Swaan Arons. Mixed hydrates of methane and water–soluble hydrocarbons modeling of empirical results. AIChE Journal, 2001, 47(3): 693–704 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690470316
102
H Kakati, A, Mandal S Laik. Effect of SDS/THF on thermodynamic and kinetic properties of formation of hydrate from a mixture of gases (CH4+C2H6+C3H8) for storing gas as hydrate. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2016, 25(3): 409–417 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2016.01.018
103
C F D S Lirio, F L P Pessoa, A M C Uller. Storage capacity of carbon dioxide hydrates in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Chemical Engineering Science, 2013, 96: 118–123 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2012.10.022
104
J Cai, C G Xu, Z Y Chen, X S Li. Recovery of methane from coal-bed methane gas mixture via hydrate-based methane separation method by adding anionic surfactants. Energy Sources. Part A, Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2018, 40(9): 1019–1026 https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2013.820233
105
B Partoon, J Javanmardi. Effect of mixed thermodynamic and kinetic hydrate promoters on methane hydrate phase boundary and formation kinetics. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2013, 58(3): 501–509 https://doi.org/10.1021/je301153t
106
A Fazlali, S A Kazemi, M Keshavarz-Moraveji, A H Mohammadi. Impact of different surfactants and their mixtures on methane-hydrate formation. Energy Technology (Weinheim), 2013, 1(8): 471–477 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201300041
107
J S Renault-Crispo, P Servio. Methane gas hydrate kinetics with mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulphate and tetrabutylammonium bromide. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2018, 96(7): 1620–1626 https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.23094
108
D Mech, J Sangwai. Investigations on the formation kinetics of semiclathrate hydrate of methane in an aqueous solution of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate in porous media. Energy Sources. Part A, Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2018, 40(20): 2415–2422 https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1496203
109
S Mainusch, C J Peters, J de Swaan Arons, J Javanmardi, M Moshfeghian. Experimental determination and modeling of methane hydrates in mixtures of acetone and water. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 1997, 42(5): 948–950 https://doi.org/10.1021/je970039s
110
P A Pieroen. Gas hydrates–approximate relations between heat of formation, composition and equilibrium temperature lowering by “inhibitors”. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, 2010, 74: 995–1002 https://doi.org/10.1002/recl.19550740808
111
M Moshfeghian, R N Maddox. Method predicts hydrates for high-pressure gas streams. Oil & Gas Journal, 1993, 91(35): 78
112
J S Zhang, S Lee, J W Lee. Kinetics of methane hydrate formation from SDS solution. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007, 46(19): 6353–6359 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie070627r
113
R Karimi, F Varaminian, A A Izadpanah, A H Mohammadi. Effects of different surfactants on the kinetics of ethane-hydrate formation: experimental and modeling studies. Energy Technology (Weinheim), 2013, 1(9): 530–536 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201300064
114
R Karimi, F Varaminian, A A Izadpanah. Study of ethane hydrate formation kinetics using the chemical affinity model with and without presence of surfactants. Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, 2014, 39(4): 219–229 https://doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2014-0014
115
R Karimi, F Varaminian, A A Izadpanah, A H Mohammadi. Effects of two surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (Tween(R)40) on ethane hydrate formation kinetics: experimental and modeling studies. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2014, 21: 193–200 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2014.07.001
