Optimal operation of integrated energy system including power thermal and gas subsystems

doi:10.1007/s11708-022-0814-z

Frontiers in Energy

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (1): 105-120 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-022-0814-z

本期目录

Optimal operation of integrated energy system including power thermal and gas subsystems

Tongming LIU¹(

), Wang ZHANG¹, Yubin JIA², Zhao Yang DONG³(

)

¹. Digital Grid Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW-2052, Australia
². School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
³. School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore

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Abstract：

As a form of hybrid multi-energy systems, the integrated energy system contains different forms of energy such as power, thermal, and gas which meet the load of various energy forms. Focusing mainly on model building and optimal operation of the integrated energy system, in this paper, the dist-flow method is applied to quickly calculate the power flow and the gas system model is built by the analogy of the power system model. In addition, the piecewise linearization method is applied to solve the quadratic Weymouth gas flow equation, and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method is applied to narrow the optimal results of each subsystem at the coupling point. The entire system reaches its optimal operation through multiple iterations. The power-thermal-gas integrated energy system used in the case study includes an IEEE-33 bus power system, a Belgian 20 node natural gas system, and a six node thermal system. Simulation-based calculations and comparison of the results under different scenarios prove that the power-thermal-gas integrated energy system enhances the flexibility and stability of the system as well as reducing system operating costs to some extent.

Key words： integrated energy system power-to-gas dist-flow piecewise linearization alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)

收稿日期: 2021-02-11 出版日期: 2022-03-30

Corresponding Author(s): Tongming LIU,Zhao Yang DONG

引用本文:

. [J]. Frontiers in Energy, 2022, 16(1): 105-120.
Tongming LIU, Wang ZHANG, Yubin JIA, Zhao Yang DONG. Optimal operation of integrated energy system including power thermal and gas subsystems. Front. Energy, 2022, 16(1): 105-120.

链接本文:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/CN/10.1007/s11708-022-0814-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/CN/Y2022/V16/I1/105

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Tab.1

d	Indices of power subsystem loads
e	Indices of power subsystem buses
i	Indices of power subsystem generating units
ç	Indices of power subsystem operation hours
s	Indices of water supply system nodes
l	Indices of natural gas subsystem pipelines
$l ′$	Indices of lateral branch in power subsystem
r	Indices of water return system nodes
D	Indices of energy demand
S	Indices of energy supply
E	Indices of power subsystem
G	Indices of natural gas subsystem
L	Indices of electric consumers
cp	Indices of gas compressor
N_DG	Set of distributed generators
N_GE	Set of gas-fired units
N_PtG	Set of PtG facilities
N_EB	Set of electric boilers
Sgn	Indices of gas flow direction signal in pipeline ij
CHP	Indices of gas flow direction signal CHP unit
$U i +$	Set of pipelines with node i as the front section
$U i −$	Set of pipelines with node i as the end section
ψ	Thermal load power
$τ cp$	The amount of gas consumption by the compressor/m³
r^cp	Compressor pressure ratio
B_E	The benefit of electricity consumers expect gas-fired generator
B_G	The benefit of gas consumers expect gas-fired generator
C_E	The cost of traditional electrical generation
C_G	The cost of gas well
C_CHP	The cost of CHP unit
$I t b, PtG$	PtG system of unit i at time tin the base case
$I t b$	Commitment statuses of unit i at time tin the base case
m	The water flow through pipeline in the system/(m³?s^–¹)
m_n	The node water outflow in the system/(m³?s^–¹)
p^CHP	Electric power output by CHP unit/MW
φ^CHP	Thermal power output by CHP unit/MW
p_i	Gas subsystem node ipressure value/kPa
$P i G$	Active power outputs of gas-fired units/MW
P^PtG	Active power outputs of PtG system/MW
Q^EB	The produced thermal energy (kJ) of electric boiler/MW
P^EB	The consumed electricity of electric boiler/MW
$S i j G$	Gas flow value of gas pipeline ij/(m³?h^–¹)
S^G,cp	Gas flow value through compressor/(m³?h^–¹)
$S U i t b$	Startup cost of unit i at time t
$S D i t b$	Shutdown cost of unit i at time t
$T i s$	The mixed temperature at node iof water supply system/K
$T i r$	The mixed temperature at node iof water return system/K
$T l out$	The outlet water temperature of pipeline l/K
$T l in$	The inlet water temperature of pipeline l/K
$λ ge$	The efficiency parameters of gas-fired generator
V_i	Voltage magnitude of bus i
$X i t on$	ON counter of unit iat time t
$X i t off$	OFF counter of unit iat time t
$ω 1, ω 2, ω 3$	The coefficients of the gas compressor between node ij
$ω S i$	The gas supply value at node i/m³
$ω L i$	The gas demand value at node i/m³
$a 1', b 1', c 1'$	The coefficients of non-gas generator cost
$a 1, b 1, c 1$	The coefficients of electrical consumer’s benefit
$a 2, ? b 2, ? c 2$	The coefficients of gas consumer’s benefit
C^cp	Scale factor of gas consumption by compressor
C_i	Scale factor of gas consumption by Well-head gas price/($?(10⁹J)^–1)
C^G,F	Energy conversion coefficient of gas-fired units
C_p	The specific heat capacity of the heat medium of pipe l/m
λ_l	The specific heat capacity of the heat transfer coefficient of pipe l/m
L	The specific heat capacity of the length of pipe l/m
HP_ij	The horsepower of gas compressor (1 hp= 745.7 W)
K	The number of extreme operating points of CHP unit at time t
R^Air	The air specific gravity at average temperature.
K_G	The air constant in relation to R^Air/gas specific gravity (air= 1.0, gas= 0.6)
L_ij	Length of gas subsystem pipe ij
D_ij	Internal diameter of gas subsystem pipe ij/m³
F_ij	Dimensionless friction factor of gas subsystem pipe ij
N_E	Total number of power subsystem buses
N_G	Total number of natural gas subsystem nodes
N_L	Total number of electric consumers
N_H	Total number of heat consumers
P^k	Electric power value at kextreme point in CHP feasible region/MW
Φ^k	Thermal power value at kextreme point in CHP feasible region/MW
$P i loss$	The lost active power at branch i/MW
$Q i loss$	The lost reactive power at branch i/MW
$P d t b$	Forecast load value in power subsystem/MW
$Q$	The gross heating value/( $J ? m − 3$ )
$S i E$	Power flow in power subsystem at the head of branch $i$ /MW
$S i E, DG$	Generated power from distributed generator/MW
$S i E, D$	Load demand at branch $i$ /MW
$S i E, l S i E, l ′$	Lateral branch power flow of branch $i$ /MW
SR_t	System spanning reserve at time t/MW
$T i t on$	Minimum ON time of unit i
$T i t off$	Minimum OFF time of unit i
UR_i	Ramp up rate of unit i
DR_i	Ramp down rate of unit i
Z	Compressibility factor of natural gas/K
T_a	Average temperature of natural gas/K

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