A fully solid-state cold thermal energy storage device for car seats using shape-memory alloys

doi:10.1007/s11708-022-0855-3

Frontiers in Energy

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (4): 504-515 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-022-0855-3

本期目录

A fully solid-state cold thermal energy storage device for car seats using shape-memory alloys

Yian LU¹, Suxin QIAN²(

), Jun SHEN³

¹. Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
². Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
³. Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

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Abstract：

Thermal energy storage has been a pivotal technology to fill the gap between energy demands and energy supplies. As a solid-solid phase change material, shape-memory alloys (SMAs) have the inherent advantages of leakage free, no encapsulation, negligible volume variation, as well as superior energy storage properties such as high thermal conductivity (compared with ice and paraffin) and volumetric energy density, making them excellent thermal energy storage materials. Considering these characteristics, the design of the shape-memory alloy based the cold thermal energy storage system for precooling car seat application is introduced in this paper based on the proposed shape-memory alloy-based cold thermal energy storage cycle. The simulation results show that the minimum temperature of the metal boss under the seat reaches 26.2 °C at 9.85 s, which is reduced by 9.8 °C, and the energy storage efficiency of the device is 66%. The influence of initial temperature, elastocaloric materials, and the shape-memory alloy geometry scheme on the performance of car seat cold thermal energy storage devices is also discussed. Since SMAs are both solid-state refrigerants and thermal energy storage materials, hopefully the proposed concept can promote the development of more promising shape-memory alloy-based cold and hot thermal energy storage devices.

Key words： shape-memory alloy (SMA) elastocaloric effect (eCE) cooled seat cold thermal energy storage

收稿日期: 2022-08-16 出版日期: 2023-08-29

Corresponding Author(s): Suxin QIAN

引用本文:

. [J]. Frontiers in Energy, 2023, 17(4): 504-515.
Yian LU, Suxin QIAN, Jun SHEN. A fully solid-state cold thermal energy storage device for car seats using shape-memory alloys. Front. Energy, 2023, 17(4): 504-515.

链接本文:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/CN/10.1007/s11708-022-0855-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/CN/Y2023/V17/I4/504

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Meshing details	Boundary conditions
	$k m ∂ T m ∂ x \| x = 0; x = x m a x = k m ∂ T m ∂ y \| y = 0; y = y m a x = h (T f − T m)$
	$k κ ∂ T κ ∂ x \| x = 0; x = x m a x = k κ ∂ T κ ∂ y \| y = 0; y = y m a x = h (T f − T κ)$ $k m ∂ T m ∂ x \| x = 0; x = x m a x = k m ∂ T m ∂ y \| y = 0; y = y m a x = h (T f − T m)$ $− k m ∂ T m ∂ x \| x = x m a x = k κ ∂ T κ ∂ y \| x = 0 = q'' = U (T m − T κ)$

Tab.1

Symbol	Value	Symbol	Value
C_AM/(MPa·K⁻¹)	10.4	k_M/(W·(m·K)⁻¹)	8.6
C_MA/(MPa·K⁻¹)	14.0	k_Cu/(W·(m·K)⁻¹)	400
T_As/K	283.15	τ/s	1.0×10⁻³
T_Ms/K	273.15	V_L/m³	5×10⁻²³
ε_T	0.025	h_f/(W·(m²·K)⁻¹)	10
E_A/GPa	35.9	U/(W·(m²·K)⁻¹)	10000
E_M/GPa	32	l₁×l₂×l₃/mm³	350 × 150 × 3
ρ_m/(kg·m⁻³)	6500	$ε ˙$ / $s − 1$	0.01
c_p,m/(J·(kg·K)⁻¹)	450	T_f/K	313.15
ρ_Cu/(kg·m⁻³)	8900	T_m,0/K	308.15
c_p,Cu/(J·(kg·K)⁻¹)	390	T_Cu,0/K	308.15
?s/(J·(kg·K)⁻¹)	40	ε_max	0.05
k_A/(W·(m·K)⁻¹)	18

Tab.2

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Tab.3

Tab.4

Fig.8

a	Thermal diffusivity/(m²?s^–1)
COP	Coefficient of performance
C	Clausius-Clapeyron coefficient/(MPa?K)
c_p	Specific heat/(J?(kg?K)^–1)
eCE	Elastocaloric effect
E	Young’s modulus/MPa
g'''	Generation term in energy equation/(W?m^–3)
h	Heat transfer coefficient/(W?(m²?K)^–1)
k	Thermal conductivity/(W?(m?K)^–1)
l	Length/m
Q	Heat transfer/J
S	Surface area/m²
$Δ s$	Entropy change/(J?( kg?K)^–1)
SMA	Shape-memory alloy
s	Specific entropy/(J?( kg?K)^–1)
T	Temperature/K
U	Solid-solid heat transfer coefficient/(W?(m²?K)^–1)
V	Volume/m³
V_L	Transforming layer volume/m³
Greek symbols
$ε$	Strain
$ε ˙$	Strain rate/s^–1
$η$	Energy storage efficiency
$ξ$	Phase fraction
$ρ$	Density/(kg?m^–3)
$τ$	Relaxation time constant/s
$σ$	Stress/MPa
Subscripts
A	Austenite
As	Austenite start
Af	Austenite finish
Cu	Copper
c	Cooling capacity in one cycle
f	Air
M	Martensite
Ms	Martensite start
Mf	Martensite finish
max	Maximum
m	SMA
Superscripts
AM	Austenite to martensite transformation
MA	Martensite to austenite transformation

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