Development of an artificial intelligence diagnostic model based on dynamic uncertain causality graph for the differential diagnosis of dyspnea
Yang Jiao1(), Zhan Zhang2, Ting Zhang3, Wen Shi4, Yan Zhu5, Jie Hu6, Qin Zhang7()
1. Department of General Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China 2. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 3. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China 4. Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China 5. Institute of Internet Industry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 6. Department of Medical Administration, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, China 7. Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Dyspnea is one of the most common manifestations of patients with pulmonary disease, myocardial dysfunction, and neuromuscular disorder, among other conditions. Identifying the causes of dyspnea in clinical practice, especially for the general practitioner, remains a challenge. This pilot study aimed to develop a computer-aided tool for improving the efficiency of differential diagnosis. The disease set with dyspnea as the chief complaint was established on the basis of clinical experience and epidemiological data. Differential diagnosis approaches were established and optimized by clinical experts. The artificial intelligence (AI) diagnosis model was constructed according to the dynamic uncertain causality graph knowledge-based editor. Twenty-eight diseases and syndromes were included in the disease set. The model contained 132 variables of symptoms, signs, and serological and imaging parameters. Medical records from the electronic hospital records of Suining Central Hospital were randomly selected. A total of 202 discharged patients with dyspnea as the chief complaint were included for verification, in which the diagnoses of 195 cases were coincident with the record certified as correct. The overall diagnostic accuracy rate of the model was 96.5%. In conclusion, the diagnostic accuracy of the AI model is promising and may compensate for the limitation of medical experience.
. [J]. Frontiers of Medicine, 2020, 14(4): 488-497.
Yang Jiao, Zhan Zhang, Ting Zhang, Wen Shi, Yan Zhu, Jie Hu, Qin Zhang. Development of an artificial intelligence diagnostic model based on dynamic uncertain causality graph for the differential diagnosis of dyspnea. Front. Med., 2020, 14(4): 488-497.
The X-type variable can represent (1) risk factors, such as smoking and alcoholism; and (2) clinical indications, such as symptoms, physical signs, laboratory examination, and imaging information
BXi
The BX-type variable stands for a disease affected by risk factors
SXi
The SX-type variable indicates some laboratory examinations or imaging information through which the disease can be diagnosed directly
Gi
The G-type variable is used to express the logical relationship of clinical indications
RGi
The RG-type variable is used to express the effect of combinations of clinical indications on diseases
SGi
The SG-type variable is a special logic gate. It is only used to express the logical relationships between risk factors and diseases
Di
The D-type variable represents the default input indicating the unknown cause
Fi
The F-type variable indicates the causal relationship intensity between two clinical indications
Conditional Fi
The function of the conditional F-type variable is the same as the F-type variable but with an observable validation condition; if the condition is true, then the variable functions, and vice versa
SAi
The SA-type variable is used to represent the influence of risk factors on the probability of disease onset
Conditional SAi
The function of conditional SA-type variable is the same as the SA-type variable but with an observable validation condition
Tab.1
Fig.1
B-type variable
Description
B-type variable
Description
B1
Carbon monoxide poisoning
B15
Pericardial effusion
B2
Metabolic acidosis
B16
Hemochromatosis
B3
HCM
B17
End-stage tumor
B4
Pulmonary infection
B18
COPD
B5
PAH
B19
Laryngospasm
B6
Interstitial lung disease
B20
Foreign body in air passage
B7
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
B21
Obesity
B8
PE
B22
Scoliosis
B9
Heart failure
B23
Pleural effusion
B10
HPS
B24
Asthma
B11
DCM
B25
Bronchitis
B12
Anaemia
B26
Guillain-Barre syndrome
B13
Renal failure
B27
Myasthenia gravis
B14
Constrictive pericarditis
B28
Psychology
Tab.2
Fig.2
Fig.3
Variable
Disease
Total cases in hospital
Randomly selected and tested cases
Correct diagnoses
Diagnostic accuracy
B1
Carbon monoxide poisoning
58
10
10
100%
B2
Metabolic acidosis
9
9
9
100%
B3
HCM
10
10
9
90%
B4
Pulmonary infection
10
10
9
90%
B5
PAH
559
10
10
100%
B6
Interstitial lung disease
296
10
10
100%
B7
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
1
1
1
100%
B8
PE
101
10
10
100%
B9
Heart failure
429
10
9
90%
B10
HPS
0
0
0
0
B11
DCM
151
10
9
90%
B12
Anemia
3871
10
10
100%
B13
Renal failure
1099
10
10
100%
B14
Constrictive pericarditis
7
7
7
100%
B15
Pericardial effusion
300
10
10
100%
B16
Hemochromatosis
0
0
0
0
B17
End-stage tumor
9
9
9
100%
B18
COPD
13 900
10
10
100%
B19
Laryngospasm
0
0
0
0
B20
Foreign body in air passage
40
10
10
100%
B21
Obesity
5
5
5
100%
B22
Scoliosis
9
9
9
100%
B23
Pleural effusion
1469
10
10
100%
B24
Asthma
2294
10
8
80%
B25
Bronchitis
1330
10
9
90%
B26
Guillain-Barre syndrome
0
0
0
0
B27
Myasthenia gravis
2
2
2
100%
B28
Psychology
0
0
0
0
Total
25 959
202
195
96.53%
Tab.3
Fig.4
Fig.5
Fig.6
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