Emerging immunological strategies: recent advances and future directions
Hongyun Zhao2, Fan Luo3, Jinhui Xue2, Su Li2, Rui-Hua Xu1()
1. Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China 2. Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China 3. Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
Immunotherapy plays a compelling role in cancer treatment and has already made remarkable progress. However, many patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors fail to achieve clinical benefits, and the response rates vary among tumor types. New approaches that promote anti-tumor immunity have recently been developed, such as small molecules, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell products, and cancer vaccines. Small molecule drugs include agonists and inhibitors that can reach the intracellular or extracellular targets of immune cells participating in innate or adaptive immune pathways. Bispecific antibodies, which bind two different antigens or one antigen with two different epitopes, are of great interest. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell products and cancer vaccines have also been investigated. This review explores the recent progress and challenges of different forms of immunotherapy agents and provides an insight into future immunotherapeutic strategies.
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IBI-318
PD-1 × PD-L1
NCT03875157
Phase 1
Advanced malignancy
IBI-322
PD-L1 × CD47
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Phase 1
Advanced malignancies
IBI-315
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Phase 1
Advanced solid tumor
A-319
CD3 × CD19
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Phase 1
Relapsed or refractory B cell lymphoma
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Phase 1
Relapsed or refractory B cell lymphoma
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KN-026
HER2 × HER2
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Phase 2
Her2 positive advanced solid tumor
EMB-01
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Phase 2
Advanced or metastatic solid tumors
KN-046
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Phase 2
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Phase 2
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Phase 2
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Phase 2
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MGD-013
PD-1 × LAG-3
NCT04009460
Phase 1
Solid tumors
CTR20200549
Phase 2
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
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PD-1 × CD47
CTR20192299
Phase 1
Advanced solid tumor
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PD-L1 × TGF-β
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Phase 2
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CTR20182404
Phase 1
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Phase 1
Advanced solid tumor
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Phase 1
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CD3 × CD19
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Phase 1
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