A novel approach for remanufacturing process planning considering uncertain and fuzzy information
Yan LV1, Congbo LI1(), Xikun ZHAO1, Lingling LI2, Juan LI1
1. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 2. College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Remanufacturing, as one of the optimal disposals of end-of-life products, can bring tremendous economic and ecological benefits. Remanufacturing process planning is facing an immense challenge due to uncertainties and fuzziness of recoverable products in damage conditions and remanufacturing quality requirements. Although researchers have studied the influence of uncertainties on remanufacturing process planning, very few of them comprehensively studied the interactions among damage conditions and quality requirements that involve uncertain, fuzzy information. Hence, this challenge in the context of uncertain, fuzzy information is undertaken in this paper, and a method for remanufacturing process planning is presented to maximize remanufacturing efficiency and minimize cost. In particular, the characteristics of uncertainties and fuzziness involved in the remanufacturing processes are explicitly analyzed. An optimization model is then developed to minimize remanufacturing time and cost. The solution is provided through an improved Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy neural network (T-S FNN) method. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is exemplified and elucidated by a case study. Results show that the training speed and accuracy of the improved T-S FNN method are 23.5% and 82.5% higher on average than those of the original method, respectively.
Purification treatment of roughening surface→ preheating → thermal spraying → oiling and sealing → grinding
60
4.5
0.004
0.003
P4
Purification treatment of roughening surface → preheating → thermal spraying → oiling and sealing → grinding
62
4.5
0.004
0.003
Tab.3
No.
Input parameter of quality requirement
Output
pη1
pη2
pη3
pη4
yη1
yη2
1
62
4.6
0.003
0.003
4.2
518
2
65
4.8
0.003
0.002
4.5
585
3
60
4.5
0.004
0.003
5.0
497
4
62
4.5
0.004
0.003
5.2
486
Tab.4
CNC
Computer numerical control
FCM
Fuzzy c-means
FNN
Fuzzy neural network
T-S FNN
Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy neural network
A?0 and B?0
Constant coefficients
A ?j and B ?j
Coefficients of x ?ij
c
Number of clusters of the simple
c N
Total number of nodes in the layer
D i
Density index of the sample Xi
f1(?)
Remanufacturing time function
f2(?)
Remanufacturing cost function
h
Weight index
J(?) and J( t)
Objective function of FCM
k
Number of clusters
L
Length of the machine tool spindle (mm)
M μ
Total number of components of type μ
N c
Number of the fuzzification layer nodes
N μ
Total number of attributes of components of type μ
P and P w
Remanufacturing process plan
P η
ηth optional remanufacturing process plan
Optimal remanufacturing process plan
p ηd
dth quality requirement parameter value of the optional remanufacturing process plan
Q and Q l
Damage score
R and R d
Standard value of quality requirement parameters
RN× M
N× M-dimensional real number space
r a and r b
Field radius
U and U( t)
Membership matrix
u ki
Fuzzy membership degree
V and V( t)
Clustering center matrix
Vk*
Best clustering center matrix
V(0)
Initial clustering center vector
Clustering center closest to
v ki
Clustering center
Best clustering center
X
Used component sample
Location of the initial clustering center of the kth sample
Xi
ith used component
X?i
ith used component with type ?
x ij
Attribute value of Xi (including damage score and parameter value of quality requirement)
x ?ij
jth attribute value of X?i
y s
Estimates of the remanufacturing time and cost
Output value of the second layer of consequent network
yη1
Remanufacturing time of the ηth process plan (h)
yη2
Remanufacturing cost of the ηth process plan (CNY)
Z*
Minimum comprehensive objective value
Z η
Comprehensive objective value of the remanufacturing time and cost
Applicability of each rule to x ij
Normalized value of the applicability of each rule
β
Network learning rate
γ
Overlap coefficient
δ
Corrosion depth (mm)
ε
Permissible tolerance
η
Optional remanufacturing process plan number
θ
Crack length (mm)
μk
Fuzzy membership degree matrix
Fuzzy membership degree
Connection weight
σ k
Width of the Gaussian function
φk
Gaussian function center matrix
φ kN
Gaussian function center
?
Diameter of the machine tool spindle (mm)
Domain matrix
ω1
Weight value of remanufacturing time
ω2
Weight value of remanufacturing cost
?
Component type number
χ
Wear amount (mm)
?
Bending amount
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