An electrochemical sensor for determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) was developed using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) fabricated on reduced graphene oxide/polyimide (PI/RGO) film by electroless deposition. The electrochemical behaviors of HQ and CC at PI/RGO-AuNPs electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under the optimized condition, the current responses at PI/RGO-AuNPs electrode were linear over ranges from 1 to 654 mol/L for HQ and from 2 to 1289 mol/L for CC, with the detection limits of 0.09 and 0.2 mol/L, respectively. The proposed electrode exhibited good reproducibility, stability and selectivity. In addition, the proposed electrode was successfully applied in the determination of HQ and CC in tap water and the Yellow River samples.
. [J]. Frontiers of Materials Science, 2017, 11(3): 262-270.
Xuan SHEN, Xiaohong XIA, Yongling DU, Chunming WANG. Electroless deposition of Au nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide/polyimide film for electrochemical detection of hydroquinone and catechol. Front. Mater. Sci., 2017, 11(3): 262-270.
Vilian A T E, Chen S M, Huang L H, et al.. Simultaneous determination of catechol and hydroquinone using a Pt/ZrO2–RGO/GCE composite modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 125(12): 503–509 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.092
2
Lai T, Cai W H, Dai W L, et al.. Easy processing laser reduced graphene: a green and fast sensing platform for hydroquinone and catechol simultaneous determination. Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 138: 48–55 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.070
3
Goulart L A, Mascaro L H. GC electrode modified with carbon nanotubes and NiO for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A, hydroquinone and catechol. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 196: 48–55 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.174
4
Kerzic P J, Liu W S, Pan M T, et al.. Analysis of hydroquinone and catechol in peripheral blood of benzene-exposed workers. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2010, 184(1–2): 182–188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2009.12.010
pmid: 20026093
5
Xie T, Liu Q, Shi Y, et al.. Simultaneous determination of positional isomers of benzenediols by capillary zone electrophoresis with square wave amperometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 2006, 1109(2): 317–321 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.135
pmid: 16494888
6
Si W M, Lei W, Han Z, et al.. Selective sensing of catechol and hydroquinone based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/nitrogen-doped graphene composites. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014, 199(4): 154–160 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.03.096
7
Marrubini G, Calleri E, Coccini T, et al.. Direct analysis of phenol, catechol and hydroquinone in human urine by coupled-column HPLC with fluorimetric detection. Chromatographia, 2005, 62(1–2): 25–31 https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-005-0570-3
8
Cui H, Zhang Q, Myint A, et al.. Chemiluminescence of cerium(IV)–rhodamine 6G–phenolic compound system. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2006, 181(2–3): 238–245 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.12.003
9
Nagaraja P, Vasantha R A, Sunitha K R. A sensitive and selective spectrophotometric estimation of catechol derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations. Talanta, 2001, 55(6): 1039–1046 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00438-6
pmid: 18968454
10
Garcia-Mesa J A, Mateos R. Direct automatic determination of bitterness and total phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil using a pH-based flow-injection analysis system. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007, 55(10): 3863–3868 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070235v
pmid: 17447793
11
Pistonesi M F, Di Nezio M S, Centurión M E, et al.. Determination of phenol, resorcinol and hydroquinone in air samples by synchronous fluorescence using partial least-squares (PLS). Talanta, 2006, 69(5): 1265–1268 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.12.050
pmid: 18970713
12
Zhang Y L, Xiao S X, Xie J L, et al.. Simultaneous electrochemical determination of catechol and hydroquinone based on graphene–TiO2 nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014, 204(1): 102–108 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.07.078
13
Song D M, Xia J F, Zhang F F, et al.. Multiwall carbon nanotubes-poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-graphene hybrid composite film for simultaneous determination of catechol and hydroquinone. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2015, 206: 111–118 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.08.084
14
Wang L, Zhang Y, Du Y, et al.. Simultaneous determination of catechol and hydroquinone based on poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) functionalized graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2012, 16(4): 1323–1331 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-011-1526-1
15
Wang X, Wu M, Li H, et al.. Simultaneous electrochemical determination of hydroquinone and catechol based on three-dimensional graphene/MWCNTs/BMIMPF6 nanocomposite modified electrode. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014, 192: 452–458 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.11.020
16
Wang Y, Xiong Y Y, Qu J Y, et al.. Selective sensing of hydroquinone and catechol based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polydopamine/gold nanoparticles composites. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2016, 223: 501–508 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.09.117
17
Ghanem M A. Electrocatalytic activity and simultaneous determination of catechol and hydroquinone at mesoporous platinum electrode. Electrochemistry Communications, 2007, 9(10): 2501–2506 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2007.07.023
18
Yu S, Jiang Y, Wang C. A polymer composite consists of electrochemical reduced grapheme oxide/polyimide/chemical reduced graphene oxide for effective preparation of SnSe by electrochemical atomic layer deposition method with enhanced electrochemical performance and surface area. Electrochimica Acta, 2013, 114: 430–438 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.123
19
Wang L, Zheng Y, Lu X, et al.. Dendritic copper–cobalt nanostructures/reduced grapheme oxide–chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode for glucose sensing. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014, 195: 1–7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.01.007
20
Huang K J, Liu Y J, Zhang J Z, et al.. A sequence-specific DNA electrochemical sensor based on acetylene black incorporated two-dimensional CuS nanosheets and gold nanoparticles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2015, 209: 570–578 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.12.023
21
Li M, Kong Q, Bian Z, et al.. Ultrasensitive detection of lead ion sensor based on gold nanodendrites modified electrode and electrochemiluminescent quenching of quantum dots by electrocatalytic silver/zinc oxide coupled structures. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2015, 65: 176–182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.022
pmid: 25461155
22
Rezaei B, Boroujeni M K, Ensafi A A. Fabrication of DNA, o-phenylenediamine, and gold nanoparticle bioimprinted polymer electrochemical sensor for the determination of dopamine. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2015, 66: 490–496 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.009
pmid: 25499662
23
Oskam G, Long J G, Natarajan A, et al.. Electrochemical deposition of metals onto silicon. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 1998, 31(16): 1927–1949 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/31/16/001
24
Hummers W S, Offeman R E. Preparation of graphitic oxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1958, 80(6): 1339 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01539a017
25
Yu S J, Jiang Y M, Wang C M. A polymer composite consists of electrochemical reduced grapheme oxide/polyimide/chemical reduced graphene oxide for effective preparation of SnSe by electrochemical atomic layer deposition method with enhanced electrochemical performance and surface area. Electrochimica Acta, 2013, 114: 430–438 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.123
26
Xiang Q J, Yu J G, Jaroniec M J. Preparation and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity of graphene/C3N4 composites. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(15): 7355–7363 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp200953k
27
Rak M J, Friščić T, Moores A. Mechanochemical synthesis of Au, Pd, Ru and Re nanoparticles with lignin as a bio-based reducing agent and stabilizing matrix. Faraday Discussions, 2014, 170: 155–167 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4FD00053F
pmid: 25408257
28
Yuan D H, Chen S H, Hu F X, et al.. Non-enzymatic amperometric sensor of catechol and hydroquinone using Pt–Au–organosilica@chitosan composites modified electrode. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2012, 168: 193–199 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.03.085
29
Huo Z H, Zhou Y L, Liu Q, et al.. Sensitive simultaneous determination of catechol and hydroquinone using a gold electrode modified with carbon nanofibers and gold nanoparticles. Microchimica Acta, 2011, 173(1–2): 119–125 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-010-0530-y
30
Zheng L Z, Xiong L Y, Li Y D, et al.. Facile preparation of polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite and its electrochemical application in simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2013, 177: 344–349 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.11.006
31
Zhao D M, Zhang X H, Feng L J, et al.. Simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol at PASA/MWNTs composite film modified glassy carbon electrode. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2009, 74(1): 317–321 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.044
pmid: 19733467
32
Wang C, Yuan R, Chai Y Q, et al.. Simultaneous determination of hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol and nitrite using gold nanoparticles loaded on poly-3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole-MWNTs film modified electrode. Analytical Methods, 2012, 4(6): 1626–1628 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ay25097g
33
Huang Y H, Chen J H, Sun X, et al.. One-pot hydrothermal synthesis carbon nanocages-reduced grapheme oxide composites for simultaneous electrochemical detection of catechol and hydroquinone. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2015, 212: 165–173 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.013