On-chip multiphoton Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state based on integrated frequency combs

doi:10.1007/s11467-020-1010-4

Frontiers of Physics

2020, Vol. 15

Issue (6): 61501 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-1010-4

本期目录

On-chip multiphoton Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state based on integrated frequency combs

Pingyu Zhu¹, Qilin Zheng¹, Shichuan Xue¹, Chao Wu¹, Xinyao Yu¹, Yang Wang¹, Yingwen Liu¹, Xiaogang Qiang^2,¹, Junjie Wu¹, Ping Xu^1,³(

)

¹. Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
². National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, AMS, Beijing 100071, China
³. National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

全文: PDF(5476 KB)

Abstract：

One of the most important multipartite entangled states, Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state (GHZ), serves as a fundamental resource for quantum foundation test, quantum communication and quantum computation. To increase the number of entangled particles, significant experimental efforts should been invested due to the complexity of optical setup and the difficulty in maintaining the coherence condition for high-fidelity GHZ state. Here, we propose an ultra-integrated scalable on-chip GHZ state generation scheme based on frequency combs. By designing several microrings pumped by different lasers, multiple partially overlapped quantum frequency combs are generated to supply as the basis for on-chip polarization-encoded GHZ state with each qubit occupying a certain spectral mode. Both even and odd numbers of GHZ states can be engineered with constant small number of integrated components and easily scaled up on the same chip by only adjusting one of the pump wavelengths. In addition, we give the on-chip design of projection measurement for characterizing GHZ states and show the reconfigurability of the state. Our proposal is rather simple and feasible within the existing fabrication technologies and we believe it will boost the development of multiphoton technologies.

Key words： quantum information Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state frequency comb

收稿日期: 2020-09-03 出版日期: 2020-11-25

Corresponding Author(s): Ping Xu

引用本文:

. [J]. Frontiers of Physics, 2020, 15(6): 61501.
Pingyu Zhu, Qilin Zheng, Shichuan Xue, Chao Wu, Xinyao Yu, Yang Wang, Yingwen Liu, Xiaogang Qiang, Junjie Wu, Ping Xu. On-chip multiphoton Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state based on integrated frequency combs. Front. Phys. , 2020, 15(6): 61501.

链接本文:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/CN/10.1007/s11467-020-1010-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/CN/Y2020/V15/I6/61501

1	A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen, Can quantummechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? Phys. Rev. 47(10), 777 (1935) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777
2	D. M. Greenberger, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, and A. Zeilinger, Bell’s theorem without inequalities, Am. J. Phys. 58(12), 1131 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1119/1.16243
3	J. Pan, D. Bouwmeester, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, Experimental test of quantum nonlocality in three-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger entanglement, Nature 403(6769), 515 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1038/35000514
4	A. R. Calderbank and P. W. Shor, Good quantum error correcting codes exist, Phys. Rev. A 54(2), 1098 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.54.1098
5	R. Raussendorf, J. Harrington, and K. Goyal, Topological fault-tolerance in cluster state quantum computation, New J. Phys. 9(6), 199 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/199
6	A. Farouk, J. Batle, M. Elhoseny, M. Naseri, M. Lone, A. Fedorov, M. Alkhambashi, S. H. Ahmed, and M. AbdelAty, Robust general nuser authentication scheme in a centralized quantum communication network via generalized GHZ states, Front. Phys. 13(2), 130306 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-017-0717-3
7	K. Wang, X. T. Yu, and Z. C. Zhang, Two-qubit entangled state teleportation via optimal POVM and partially entangled GHZ state, Front. Phys. 13(5), 130320 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-018-0832-9
8	X. Hu, C. Zhang, C. Zhang, B. Liu, Y. Huang, Y. Han, C. Li, and G. Guo, Experimental certification for nonclassical teleportation, Quantum Eng. 1(2), e13 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1002/que2.13
9	J. Pan, Z. Chen, C. Lu, H. Weinfurter, A. Zeilinger, and M. Zukowski, Multi-photon entanglement and interferometry, Rev. Mod. Phys. 84(2), 777 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.84.777
10	Y. Huang, B. Liu, L. Peng, Y. Li, L. Li, C. Li, and G. Guo, Experimental generation of an eight-photon Greenberger– Horne–Zeilinger state, Nat. Commun. 2(1), 546 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1556
11	X. L. Wang, L. K. Chen, W. Li, H. L. Huang, C. Liu, C. Chen, Y. H. Luo, Z. E. Su, D. Wu, Z. D. Li, H. Lu, Y. Hu, X. Jiang, C. Z. Peng, L. Li, N. L. Liu, Y. A. Chen, C. Y. Lu, and J. W. Pan, Experimental ten-photon entanglement, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117(21), 210502 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.210502
12	H. S. Zhong, Y. Li, W. Li, L. C. Peng, Z. E. Su, Y. Hu, Y. M. He, X. Ding, W. Zhang, H. Li, L. Zhang, Z. Wang, L. You, X. L. Wang, X. Jiang, L. Li, Y. A. Chen, N. L. Liu, C. Y. Lu, and J. W. Pan, 12-photon entanglement and scalable scattershot boson sampling with optimal entangledphoton pairs from parametric down-conversion, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121(25), 250505 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.250505
13	X. L. Wang, Y. H. Luo, H. L. Huang, M. C. Chen, Z. E. Su, C. Liu, C. Chen, W. Li, Y. Q. Fang, X. Jiang, J. Zhang, L. Li, N. L. Liu, C. Y. Lu, and J. W. Pan, 18-qubit entanglement with six photons’ three degrees of freedom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120(26), 260502 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.260502
14	M. Erhard, M. Malik, M. Krenn, and A. Zeilinger, Experimental Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger entanglement beyond qubits, Nat. Photonics 12(12), 759 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0257-6
15	Q. Zhang, P. Xu, and S. Zhu, Quantum photonic network on chip, Chin. Phys. B 27(5), 054207 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/27/5/054207
16	J. Wang, F. Sciarrino, A. Laing, and M. G. Thompson, Integrated photonic quantum technologies, Nat. Photonics 14(5), 273 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0532-1
17	X. Qiang, X. Zhou, J. Wang, C. M. Wilkes, L. Thomas, O. Sean, K. Laurent, G. D. Marshall, S. Raffaele, and T. C. Ralph, Large-scale silicon quantum photonics implementing arbitrary two-qubit processing, Nat. Photonics 12(9), 534 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0236-y
18	J. Wang, S. Paesani, Y. Ding, R. Santagati, P. Skrzypczyk, A. Salavrakos, J. Tura, R. Augusiak, L. Mančinska, D. Bacco, D. Bonneau, J. W. Silverstone, Q. Gong, A. Acín, K. Rottwitt, L. K. Oxenløwe, J. L. O’Brien, A. Laing, and M. G. Thompson, Multidimensional quantum entanglement with large-scale integrated optics, Science 360(6386), 285 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7053
19	R. Terry, Why I am optimistic about the silicon-photonic route to quantum computing, APL Photonics 2, 030901 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4976737
20	T. Feng, X. Zhang, Y. Tian, and Q. Feng, On-chip multiphoton entangled states by path identity, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 58(11), 3726 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-019-04243-z
21	J. C. Adcock, C. Vigliar, R. Santagati, J. W. Silverstone, and M. G. Thompson, Programmable four-photon graph states on a silicon chip, Nat. Commun. 10(1), 3528 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11489-y
22	P. Zhu, S. Xue, Q. Zheng, C. Wu, X. Yu, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, X. Qiang, M. Deng, J. Wu, and P. Xu, Reconfigurable multiphoton entangled states based on quantum photonic chips, Opt. Express 28(18), 26792 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.402383
23	M. Kues, C. Reimer, P. Roztocki, L. R. Cortes, S. Sciara, B. Wetzel, Y. Zhang, A. C. Cino, S. T. Chu, B. E. Little, D. J. Moss, L. Caspani, J. Azaña, and R. Morandotti, On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control, Nature 546(7660), 622 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22986
24	C. Reimer, M. Kues, P. Roztocki, B. Wetzel, F. Grazioso, B. E. Little, S. T. Chu, T. W. Johnston, Y. Bromberg, L. Caspani, D. J. Moss, and R. Morandotti, Generation of multi-photon entangled quantum states by means of integrated frequency combs, Science 351(6278), 1176 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad8532
25	M. Chen, N. C. Menicucci, and O. Pfister, Experimental realization of multipartite entanglement of 60 modes of a quantum optical frequency comb, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(12), 120505 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.120505
26	B. H. Wu, R. N. Alexander, S. Liu, and Z. Zhang, Quantum computing with multidimensional continuous-variable cluster states in a scalable photonic platform, Phys. Rev. Research 2(2), 023138 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023138
27	M. Krenn, X. Gu, and A. Zeilinger, Quantum experiments and graphs: Multiparty states as coherent super-positions of perfect matchings, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119(24), 240403 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.240403
28	E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. J. Milburn, A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics, Nature 409(6816), 46 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1038/35051009
29	X. Gu, M. Erhard, A. Zeilinger, and M. Krenn, Quantum experiments and graphs (ii): Quantum interference, computation, and state generation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116(10), 4147 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815884116
30	X. Gu, L. Chen, A. Zeilinger, and M. Krenn, Quantum experiments and graphs (iii): High-dimensional and multiparticle entanglement, Phys. Rev. A 99(3), 032338 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.99.032338
31	C. Wu, Y. Liu, X. Gu, S. Xue, X. Yu, Y. Kong, X. Qiang, J. Wu, Z. Zhu, and P. Xu, Characterize and optimize the four-wave mixing in dual-interferometer coupled silicon microrings, Chin. Phys. B 28(10), 104211 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ab3f9b
32	C. Wu, Y. Liu, X. Gu, X. Yu, Y. Kong, Y. Wang, X. Qiang, J. Wu, Z. Zhu, X. Yang, and P. Xu, Bright photon-pair source based on a silicon dual-Mach–Zehnder microring, Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 63(2), 220362 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-019-1429-1
33	Y. Liu, C. Wu, X. Gu, Y. Kong, X. Yu, R. Ge, X. Cai, X. Qiang, J. Wu, X. Yang, and P. Xu, High-spectral-purity photon generation from a dual-interferometer-coupled silicon microring, Opt. Lett. 45(1), 73 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.45.000073
34	P. Zhu, Y. Liu, C. Wu, S. Xue, X. Yu, Q. Zheng, Y. Wang, X. Qiang, J. Wu, and P. Xu, Near 100% spectral-purity photons from reconfigurable micro-rings, Chin. Phys. B 29, 114201 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/abbb28
35	D. Taillaert, P. I. Harold Chong, P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, R. M. De La Rue, and R. Baets, A compact twodimensional grating coupler used as a polarization splitter, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 15(9), 1249 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2003.816671
36	J. Wang, D. Bonneau, M. Villa, J. W. Silverstone, R. Santagati, S. Miki, T. Yamashita, M. Fujiwara, M. Sasaki, H. Terai, M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, R. H. Hadfield, J. L. O’Brien, and M. G. Thompson, Chip-to-chip quantum photonic interconnect by path-polarization interconversion, Optica 3(4), 407 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.3.000407
37	M. Liscidini and J. E. Sipe, Scalable and efficient source of entangled frequency bins, Opt. Lett. 44(11), 2625 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.002625
38	X. Gu, L. Chen, and M. Krenn, Quantum experiments and hypergraphs: Multiphoton sources for quantum interference, quantum computation, and quantum entanglement, Phys. Rev. A 101(3), 033816 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.101.033816
39	D. F. V. James, P. G. Kwiat, W. J. Munro, and A. G. White, Measurement of qubits, Phys. Rev. A 64(5), 052312 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.64.052312
40	O. Gühne and G. Toth, Entanglement detection, Phys. Rep. 474(1–6), 1 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2009.02.004
41	X. Chen, L. Jiang, and Z. Xu, Precise detection of multipartite entanglement in four-qubit Greenberger–Horne– Zeilinger diagonal states, Front. Phys. 13(5), 130317 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-018-0799-6
42	J. Tang, Z. Hou, Q. Xu, G. Xiang, C. Li, and G. Guo, Polarization-independent coherent spatial-temporal interface with low loss, Phys. Rev. Appl. 12(6), 064058 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.12.064058
43	M. Reck, A. Zeilinger, H. J. Bernstein, and P. Bertani, Experimental realization of any discrete unitary operator, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73(1), 58 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.58
44	L. Lu, L. Xia, Z. Chen, L. Chen, T. Yu, T. Tao, W. Ma, Y. Pan, X. Cai, Y. Lu, S. Zhu, and X. S. Ma, Threedimensional entanglement on a silicon chip, NPJ Quantum Inf. 6(1), 30 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-020-0260-x
45	L. Xiao, G. Long, F. Deng, and J. Pan, Efficient multiparty quantum-secret-sharing schemes, Phys. Rev. A 69(5), 052307 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.69.052307
46	Z. Man, Y. Xia, and N. B. An, Quantum secure direct communication by using GHZ states and entanglement swapping, J. Phys. B 39(18), 3855 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/18/015
47	S. Wengerowsky, S. K. Joshi, F. Steinlechner, H. Hubel, and R. Ursin, An entanglement-based wavelengthmultiplexed quantum communication network, Nature 564(7735), 225 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0766-y
48	P. Arrighi and L. Salvail, Blind quantum computation, Int. J. Quant. Inf. 04(05), 883 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219749906002171
49	S. Barz, E. Kashefi, A. Broadbent, J. F. Fitzsimons, A. Zeilinger, and P. Walther, Demonstration of blind quantum computing, Science 335(6066), 303 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1214707
50	J. M. Lukens and P. Lougovski, Frequency-encoded photonic qubits for scalable quantum information processing, Optica 4(1), 8 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.4.000008
51	H. H. Lu, J. M. Lukens, N. A. Peters, B. P. Williams, A. M. Weiner, and P. Lougovski, Quantum interference and correlation control of frequency-bin qubits, Optica 5(11), 1455 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.5.001455
52	S. Ramelow, A. Fedrizzi, A. Poppe, N. K. Langford, and A. Zeilinger, Polarization-entanglement-conserving frequency conversion of photons, Phys. Rev. A 85(1), 013845 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.85.013845
53	M. Krenn, J. Kottmann, N. Tischler, and A. Aspuru-Guzik, Conceptual understanding through efficient inverse-design of quantum optical experiments, arXiv: 2005.06443 [quant-ph] (2020)

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed