1. State Key Lab of Power System, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2. Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy, Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030032, China 3. Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, Beijing 101149, China 4. China National Uranium Corporation, Beijing 100013, China 5. Guoneng Shenwan Energy Co., Ltd, China 6. Jinneng Holding Tashan Power Generation Co., Ltd, China
Calibration-free (CF) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is normally only applicable for gated detectors due to its dependence on the assumption of a steady-state plasma. However, most currently available LIBS systems are equipped with non-gated detectors such as charge-coupled device (CCD), which degrades the accuracy of CF method. In this paper, the reason for the less satisfactory quantification performance of CF for LIBS with non-gated detectors was clarified and a time-integration calibration-free (TICF) model was proposed for applications with non-gated detectors. It was based on an assumed temporal profile of plasma properties, including temperature and electron density, obtained from another pre-experiment. The line intensity at different time during the signal collection time window was estimated with self-absorption correction according to the temporal profile of the plasma properties. The proposed model was validated on titanium alloys and compared with traditional CF. The accuracy of elemental concentration measurement was improved significantly: the average relative error of aluminum and vanadium decreased from 6.07% and 22.34% to 2.01% and 1.92%, respectively. The quantification results showed that TICF method was able to extend the applicability of CF to LIBS with non-gated detectors.
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