Structure and dynamics of binary Bose−Einstein condensates with vortex phase imprinting

doi:10.1007/s11467-023-1316-0

Frontiers of Physics

2023, Vol. 18

Issue (6): 62302 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-023-1316-0

本期目录

Structure and dynamics of binary Bose−Einstein condensates with vortex phase imprinting

Jianchong Xing¹, Wenkai Bai¹, Bo Xiong², Jun-Hui Zheng^1,³, Tao Yang^1,³(

)

¹. Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
². School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
³. Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xi’an 710127, China

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Abstract：

The combination of multi-component Bose−Einstein condensates (BECs) and phase imprinting techniques provides an ideal platform for exploring nonlinear dynamics and investigating the quantum transport properties of superfluids. In this paper, we study abundant density structures and corresponding dynamics of phase-separated binary Bose−Einstein condensates with phase-imprinted single vortex or vortex dipole. By adjusting the ratio between the interspecies and intraspecies interactions, and the locations of the phase singularities, the typical density profiles such as ball-shell structures, crescent-gibbous structures, Matryoshka-like structures, sector-sector structures and sandwich-type structures appear, and the phase diagrams are obtained. The dynamics of these structures exhibit diverse properties, including the penetration of vortex dipoles, emergence of half-vortex dipoles, co-rotation of sectors, and oscillation between sectors. The pinning effects induced by a potential defect are also discussed, which is useful for controlling and manipulating individual quantum states.

Key words： Bose−Einstein condensates phase separation angular momentum energy competition

收稿日期: 2023-04-06 出版日期: 2023-07-06

Corresponding Author(s): Tao Yang

引用本文:

. [J]. Frontiers of Physics, 2023, 18(6): 62302.
Jianchong Xing, Wenkai Bai, Bo Xiong, Jun-Hui Zheng, Tao Yang. Structure and dynamics of binary Bose−Einstein condensates with vortex phase imprinting. Front. Phys. , 2023, 18(6): 62302.

链接本文:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/CN/10.1007/s11467-023-1316-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/CN/Y2023/V18/I6/62302

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Fig.8

Type of phase-imprinting	Position of the phase singularity in component-1	$λ$	Total density structure	Density profiles of two components	Dynamics

Single vortex	$b = 0$ (Centered phase singularity)	$λ < 1$	Ball-shell	Component-1: ball with vortex Component-2: shell	Stable
	$b = 0$ (Centered phase singularity)	$λ > 1$	Ball-shell	Component-1: shell Component-2: ball without vortex	Stable
	$b ≠ 0$ (Off-center phase singularity)	$λ < 1$	Crescent-gibbous	Component-1: Gibbous Component-2: Crescent	Rotating with interface deform (amplitude of $V G : \| A \| < \| A c \|$ ) Pinning (amplitude of $V G : \| A \| = \| A c \|$ )Oscillating (amplitude of $V G : \| A \| > \| A c \|$ )
	$b ≠ 0$ (Off-center phase singularity)	$λ > 1$	Crescent-gibbous	Component-1: Crescent Component-2: Gibbous
Vortex dipole	Varing $d$ and $g 12 / g 22$	$λ < 1$	Ball-shell (I)	Component-1: ball with vortex dipole Component-2: shell	Transition from ball-shell structure to sector?sector structure with formation of half-vortex dipole
			Matryoshka-like (II)	Component-1: ball with density dip Component-2: bull’s eye	Transition from Matryoshka-like structure to sector?sector structure with penetration of vortex dipole
			Sector-sector (III)	Component-1: sector Component-2: sector	Rotating with interface deform
			Sandwich-type (IV)	Component-1: two separated gibbous Component-2: central part	Oscillating periodically
			Transposed sandwich-type (V)	Component-1: central part Component-2: two separated gibbous	Transition from sandwich-type structure to sector?sector structure
			Ball-shell (VI)	Component-1: ball Component-2: shell	Transition from ball-shell structure to oscillating asymmetric sandwich structure
	Varing $d$ and $g 12 / g 22$	$λ > 1$	Ball-shell (VII)	Component-1: shell Component-2: ball	Transition from ball-shell structure to oscillating asymmetric sandwich structure
	Varing $d$ and $g 12 / g 22$	$λ > 1$	Sandwich-type (IV)	Component-1: two separated gibbous Component-2: central part	Oscillating periodically

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