Two-dimensional anisotropic vortex quantum droplets in dipolar Bose−Einstein condensates
Guilong Li1, Xunda Jiang1, Bin Liu1(), Zhaopin Chen2, Boris A. Malomed3,4, Yongyao Li1,5()
1. School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China 2. Physics Department and Solid-State Institute, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel 3. Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel 4. Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, Chile 5. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro−Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
Creation of stable intrinsically anisotropic self-bound states with embedded vorticity is a challenging issue. Previously, no such states in Bose−Einstein condensates (BECs) or other physical settings were known. Dipolar BEC suggests a unique possibility to predict stable two dimensional anisotropic vortex quantum droplets (2D-AVQDs). We demonstrate that they can be created with the vortex axis oriented perpendicular to the polarization of dipoles. The stability area and characteristics of the 2D-AVQDs in the parameter space are revealed by means of analytical and numerical methods. Further, the rotation of the polarizing magnetic field is considered, and the largest angular velocities, up to which spinning 2D-AVQDs can follow the rotation in clockwise and anti-clockwise directions, are found. Collisions between moving 2D-AVQDs are studied too, demonstrating formation of bound states with a vortex−antivortex−vortex structure. A stability domain for such stationary bound states is identified. Unstable dipolar states, that can be readily implemented by means of phase imprinting, quickly transform into robust 2D-AVQDs, which suggests a straightforward possibility for the creation of these states in the experiment.
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