Negative refraction based on purely imaginary metamaterials
Yang-Yang Fu1,2, Ya-Dong Xu2(), Huan-Yang Chen1()
1. Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China 2. College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
By introducing a new mechanism based on purely imaginary metamaterials (PIMs), we reveal that bidirectional negative refraction and planar focusing can be obtained using a pair of PIM slabs, overcoming the unidirectional limit in parity-time (PT)-symmetric systems. Compared with PT-symmetric systems, which require two different types of materials, the proposed negative refraction can be realized using two identical media. In addition, asymmetric excitation with bidirectional total transmission is observed in our PIM system. Therefore, a new way to realize negative refraction with properties that are unavailable in PT-symmetric systems is presented.
S. Xi, H. Chen, T. Jiang, L. Ran, J. Huangfu, B. I. Wu, J. A. Kong, and M. Chen, Experimental verification of reversed Cherenkov radiation in left-handed metamaterial, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(19), 194801 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.194801
R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction, Science 292(5514), 77 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058847
6
A. J. Hoffman, L. Alekseyev, S. S. Howard, K. J. Franz, D. Wasserman, V. A. Podolskiy, E. E. Narimanov, D. L. Sivco, and C. Gmachl, Negative refraction in semiconductor metamaterials, Nat. Mater. 6(12), 946 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2033
7
J. Yao, Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Sun, G. Bartal, A. M. Stacy, and X. Zhang, Optical negative refraction in bulk metamaterials of nanowires, Science 321(5891), 930 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157566
8
S. Zhang, Y. Park, J. Li, X. Lu, W. Zhang, and X. Zhang, Negative refractive index in chiral metamaterials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(2), 023901 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.023901
9
C. Luo, S. G. Johnson, J. D. Joannopoulos, and J. B. Pendry, All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index, Phys. Rev. B 65(20), 201104 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.65.201104
10
E. Cubukcu, K. Aydin, E. Ozbay, S. Foteinopoulou, and C. M. Soukoulis, Negative refraction by photonic crystals, Nature 423(6940), 604 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1038/423604b
11
Y. Xie, W. Wang, H. Chen, A. Konneker, B. Popa, and S. A. Cummer, Wavefront modulation and subwavelength diffractive acoustics with an acoustic metasurface, Nat. Commun. 5, 5553 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6553
12
Y. Xu, Y. Fu, and H. Chen, Steering light by a subwavelength metallic grating from transformation optics, Sci. Rep. 5(1), 12219 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12219
13
S. Maslovski and S. Tretyakov, Phase conjugation and perfect lensing, J. Appl. Phys. 94(7), 4241 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1604935
14
P. Chen and A. Alù, Subwavelength imaging using phase-conjugating nonlinear nanoantenna arrays, Nano Lett. 11(12), 5514 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl203354b
S. Palomba, S. Zhang, Y. Park, G. Bartal, X. Yin, and X. Zhang, Optical negative refraction by four-wave mixing in thin metallic nanostructures, Nat. Mater. 11(1), 34 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3148
17
Z. Lin, H. Ramezani, T. Eichelkraut, T. Kottos, H. Cao, and D. N. Christodoulides, Unidirectional invisibility induced by PT-symmetric periodic structures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(21), 213901 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.213901
Y. Sun, W. Tan, H. Q. Li, J. Li, and H. Chen, Experimental demonstration of a coherent perfect absorber with PT phase transition, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(14), 143903 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.143903
21
X. Zhu, L. Feng, P. Zhang, X. Yin, and X. Zhang, Oneway invisible cloak using parity-time symmetric transformation optics, Opt. Lett. 38(15), 2821 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.002821
22
X. Zhu, Y. Peng, and D. Zhao, Anisotropic reflection oscillation in periodic multilayer structures of paritytime symmetry, Opt. Express 22(15), 18401 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.018401
23
X. Zhu, Defect states and exceptional point splitting in the band gaps of one-dimensional parity-time lattices, Opt. Express 23(17), 22274 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.022274
24
Y. Fu, Y. Xu, and H. Y. Chen, Zero index metamaterials with PT symmetry in a waveguide system, Opt. Express 24(2), 1648 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.001648
25
Y. Wu, B. Zhu, S. F. Hu, Z. Zhou, and H. Zhong, Floquet control of the gain and loss in a PT-symmetric optical coupler, Front. Phys. 12(1), 121102 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-016-0642-x
26
R. Fleury, D. L. Sounas, and A. Alù, Negative refraction and planar focusing based on parity-time symmetric metasurfaces, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(2), 023903 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.023903
Y. Fu, X. Zhang, Y. Xu, and H. Chen, Design of zero index metamaterials with PT symmetry using epsilonnear-zero media with defects, J. Appl. Phys. 121(9), 094503 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977692
A. Basiri, I. Vitebskiy, and T. Kottos, Light scattering in pseudopassive media with uniformly balanced gain and loss, Phys. Rev. A 91(6), 063843 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.91.063843
31
S. Xiao, J. Gear, S. Rotter, and J. Li, Effective PTsymmetric metasurfaces for subwavelength amplified sensing, New J. Phys. 18(8), 085004 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/8/085004
32
P. Bai, K. Ding, G. Wang, J. Luo, Z. Zhang, C. T. Chan, Y. Wu, and Y. Lai, Simultaneous realization of a coherent perfect absorber and laser by zero-index media with both gain and loss, Phys. Rev. A 94(6), 063841 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063841
33
Y. Xu, Y. Fu, and H. Chen, Electromagnetic wave propagations in conjugate metamaterials, Opt. Express 25(5), 4952 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.004952
34
Y. Fu, Y. Cao, S. A. Cummer, Y. Xu, and H. Chen, Coherent perfect absorber and laser modes in purely imaginary metamaterials, Phys. Rev. A 96(4), 043838 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.96.043838
35
Y. Fu, Y. Xu, H. Chen, and S. A. Cummer, Coherent perfect absorption and laser modes in a cylindrical structure of conjugate metamaterials, New J. Phys. 20(1), 013015 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa9cbd
36
F. Monticone, C. A. Valagiannopoulos, and A. Alù, Parity-time symmetric nonlocal metasurfaces: All-angle negative refraction and volumetric imaging, Phys. Rev. X 6(4), 041018 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.041018
37
Y. Fu and Y. Xu, Asymmetric effects in waveguide systems using PT symmetry and zero index metamaterials, Sci. Rep. 7(1), 12476 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12592-0
38
Z. J. Wong, Y. L. Xu, J. Kim, K. O’Brien, Y. Wang, L. Feng, and X. Zhang, Lasing and anti-lasing in a single cavity, Nat. Photonics 10(12), 796 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.216