Gable roofs with overhangs (eaves) are the common constructions of low-rise buildings on the southeastern coast of China, and they were vulnerable to typhoons from experience. The wind pressure distributions on gable roofs of low-rise buildings are investigated by a series of wind tunnel tests which consist of 99 test cases with various roof pitches, height-depth ratios and width-depth ratios. The block pressure coefficients and worst negative (block) pressure coefficients on different roof regions of low-rise buildings are proposed for the main structure and building envelope, respectively. The effects of roof pitch, height-depth ratio, and width-depth ratio on the pressure coefficients of each region are analyzed in detail. In addition, the pressure coefficients on the roofs for the main structure and building envelope are fitted according to roof pitch, height-depth ratio and width-depth ratio of the low-rise building. Meanwhile, the rationality of the fitting formulas is verified by comparing the fitting results with the codes of different countries. Lastly, the block pressure coefficients and worst negative pressure coefficients are recommended to guide the design of low-rise buildings in typhoon area and act as references for the future’s modification of wind load codes.
. [J]. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2018, 12(3): 300-317.
Peng HUANG, Ling TAO, Ming GU, Yong QUAN. Experimental study of wind loads on gable roofs of low-rise buildings with overhangs. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2018, 12(3): 300-317.
Cao S Y, Ge Y J, Tamura Y. Wind damage in China caused by Typhoon Rananim. Proceedings of the Sixth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, Seoul, Korea, 2005
2
Stathopoulos T. Turbulent wind action on low-rise buildings. Dissertation for PhD degree. University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, 1979
Meecham D, Surry D, Davenport A G. The magnitude and distribution of wind-induced pressures on hip and gable roofs. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1991, 38(2–3): 257–272 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(91)90046-Y
5
Xu Y L, Reardon G F. Variations of wind pressure on hip roofs with roof pitch. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1998, 73(3): 267–284 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00291-2
6
Uematsu Y, Isyumov N. Wind pressures acting on low-rise buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1999, 82(1–3): 1–25 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00036-7
7
Gavanski E, Kordi B, Kopp G A, Vickery P J. Wind loads on roof sheathing of houses. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2013, 114: 106–121 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.12.011
8
Huang P, Gu M, Jia C G, Quan D L. Field measurement of wind effects of roof accessory structures on gable-roofed low-rise building. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2013, 731572
9
Gerhardt H J, Kramer C. Effects of building geometry on roof wind loading. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1992, 43(1–3): 1765–1773 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90589-3
10
Krishna P. Wind loads on low rise buildings—A review. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1995, 54–55: 383–396 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)00055-I
11
Ginger J D, Holmes J D. Wind loads on long, low-rise buildings. Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, Kyoto, Japan, 2001, 529–532
12
Kanda M, Maruta E. Characteristics of fluctuating wind pressure on long low-rise buildings with gable roofs. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1993, 50: 173–182 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(93)90072-V
13
Ginger J D, Holmes J D. Effect of building length on wind loads on low-rise buildings with a steep roof pitch. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003, 91(11): 1377–1400 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2003.08.003
14
Ho T C E, Surry D, Morrish D, Kopp G A. The UWO contribution to the NIST aerodynamic database for wind loads on low buildings: Part 1. Archiving format and basic aerodynamic data. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2005, 93(1): 1–30 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.07.006
15
Robertson A P. Effect of eaves detail on wind pressures over an industrial building. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1991, 38(2–3): 325–333 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(91)90051-W
16
Stathopoulos T, Luchian H. Wind-induced forces on eaves of low buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1994, 52: 249–261 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)90051-5
17
Savory D J. Digital terrain classification via scale-sensitive edge detection: hillslope characterization for soil-landscape analysis. University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1992
Huang P, Peng X L, Gu M. Aerodynamic devices to mitigate rooftop suctions on a gable roof building. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2014a, 135: 90–104 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.10.015
20
Huang P, Tao L, Gu M, Quan Y. Wind effects of architectural details on gable-roofed low-rise buildings in southeastern coast of China. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2014b, 17(11): 1551–1565 https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.11.1551
21
Architectural Institute of Japan. Recommendations for loads on buildings, Architectural Institute of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
22
ASCE/SEI 7. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, USA, 2010
International Standard. Bases for design of structures, loads, forces and other actions. Wind actions on structures, ISO 4354:2009, Technical Committee ISO/TC98, Subcommittee SC3, Switzerland, 2009
25
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China. Load Code for the Design of Building Structures GB50009-2012 (English Edition). Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2012
26
Wang Y. Codification of wind pressure coefficients on claddings/components of low-rise buildings. Dissertation for Master degree. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2011
Uematsu Y, Isyumov N. Peak gust pressures acting on the roof and wall edges of a low-rise building. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1998, 77–78: 217–231 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00145-7
St. Pierre L M, Kopp G A, Surry D, Ho T C E. The UWO contribution to the NIST aerodynamic database for wind loads on low buildings: Part 2. Comparison of data with wind load provisions. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2005, 93(1): 31–59 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.07.007
