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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering

ISSN 2095-2430

ISSN 2095-2449(Online)

CN 10-1023/X

邮发代号 80-968

2019 Impact Factor: 1.68

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering  2020, Vol. 14 Issue (5): 1066-1082   https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0651-2
  本期目录
A constrained neural network model for soil liquefaction assessment with global applicability
Yifan ZHANG, Rui WANG(), Jian-Min ZHANG, Jianhong ZHANG
Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Abstract

A constrained back propagation neural network (C-BPNN) model for standard penetration test based soil liquefaction assessment with global applicability is developed, incorporating existing knowledge for liquefaction triggering mechanism and empirical relationships. For its development and validation, a comprehensive liquefaction data set is compiled, covering more than 600 liquefaction sites from 36 earthquakes in 10 countries over 50 years with 13 complete information entries. The C-BPNN model design procedure for liquefaction assessment is established by considering appropriate constraints, input data selection, and computation and calibration procedures. Existing empirical relationships for overburden correction and fines content adjustment are shown to be able to improve the prediction success rate of the neural network model, and are thus adopted as constraints for the C-BPNN model. The effectiveness of the C-BPNN method is validated using the liquefaction data set and compared with that of several liquefaction assessment methods currently adopted in engineering practice. The C-BPNN liquefaction model is shown to have improved prediction accuracy and high global adaptability.

Key wordssoil liquefaction assessment    case history dataset    constrained neural network model    existing knowledge
收稿日期: 2019-11-07      出版日期: 2020-11-16
Corresponding Author(s): Rui WANG   
 引用本文:   
. [J]. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2020, 14(5): 1066-1082.
Yifan ZHANG, Rui WANG, Jian-Min ZHANG, Jianhong ZHANG. A constrained neural network model for soil liquefaction assessment with global applicability. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(5): 1066-1082.
 链接本文:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/CN/10.1007/s11709-020-0651-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/CN/Y2020/V14/I5/1066
label year country earthquake number
alla) liqb) non-liqc)
1 1962 China Heyuan ?1 0 1
2 1966 Xingtai (Mar 8) ?8 4 4
3 1966 Xingtai (Mar 22) ?7 7 0
4 1967 Hejian ?2 2 0
5 1969 Bohai ?5 5 0
6 1969 Yangjiang ?4 3 1
7 1970 Tonghai 32 17? 15?
8 1975 Haicheng 16 10? 6
9 1976 Tangshan 99 60? 39?
10 1999 Chi-Chi 82 55? 27?
11 2003 Bachu 47 21? 25?
12 1944 Japan Tohnankai ?3 3 0
13 1948 Fukui ?2 2 0
14 1964 Niigata 12 8 4
15 1968 Hososhima ?1 0 1
16 1968 Tokachi-Oki ?5 3 2
17 1978 Miyagiken-Oki (Feb 20) 14 1 13?
18 1978 Miyagiken-Oki (Jun 12) 20 14? 6
19 1980 Mid-Chiba ?2 0 2
20 1982 Urakawa-Oki ?1 0 1
21 1983 Nihonkai-Chubu 32 17? 15?
22 1984 Hososhima ?1 0 1
23 1995 Kobe 54 25? 29?
24 2011 Tohoku 55 49? 6
25 1971 USA San Fernando ?2 2 0
26 1979 Imperial Vally ?9 4 5
27 1987 Superstition Hills 12 1 11?
28 1989 Loma Prieta 25 16? 9
29 1994 Northridge ?4 3 1
30 1976 Guatemala Guatemala ?3 2 1
31 1977 Argentina Argentina ?5 3 2
32 1981 Britain West Morland ?7 3 4
33 1990 Philippines Luzon ?3 2 1
34 1999 Turkey Kocaeli 14 12? 2
35 2010 Haiti Haiti 13 11? 2
36 2010 Chile Chile 15 12? 3
total 617? 377?? 240??
Tab.1  
data sets Cetin 00 BI 14 Xie 84 this paper
liquefaction cases 109 135 125 377
non-liquefaction cases 88 115 76 240
data entries 9 10 9 13
critical depth (m) 1.1–20.5 1.8–14.3 0.5–18.5 0.5–23.5
effective stress (kPa) 8.1–198.7 20.3–170.9 4.3–185.5 4.0–230.4
fines content (%) 0–92 0–92 0–96
Nl (60cs) 2.2–66.1 4.6–63.7 1.4–66.0 1–69
cyclic stress ratio 0.05–0.66 0.04–0.69 0.04–0.78 0.03–0.84
magnitude 5.9–8.0 5.9–8.3 6.3–7.8 5.9–9.0
data sources
?China 9 21 174 303
?Japan 144 147 24 202
?USA 39 50 3 52
?others 5 32 0 60
Tab.2  
Fig.1  
Fig.2  
Fig.3  
Fig.4  
Fig.5  
Fig.6  
combinations input entry characteristics
8-entry Mw, amax, ds, dw, sv, sv´, N, FC basic information
11-entry + D50, CC, ST additional information for soil property
12-entry + ET additional information for earthquake type
Tab.3  
basic database year country earthquake main characteristics
1 1966 China Xingtai (Mar 8) shallow ground liquefaction with small earthquake magnitude
1966 China Xingtai (Mar 22) shallow ground liquefaction with medium magnitude
1976 China Tangshan medium ground liquefaction with large magnitude (right-beneath-city type earthquake)
1978 Japan Miyagiken-Oki (Feb 20) medium ground liquefaction with small earthquake magnitude
1978 Japan Miyagiken-Oki (Jun 12) medium ground liquefaction with medium earthquake magnitude
1989 USA Loma Prieta medium ground liquefaction with small earthquake magnitude
1994 USA Northridge deep ground liquefaction with large acceleration
1995 Japan Hyogoken-Nambu (Kobe) gravel sand liquefaction with right-beneath-city type earthquake
1999 Turkey Kocaeli high fines content
2 1968 Japan basic data set-1+Tokachi-Oki shallow ground liquefaction with large earthquake magnitude
3 2011 Japan basic data set-1+Tohoku abundant liquefaction case histories
4 1981 UK basic data set-1+West Morland high fines content with small earthquake magnitude
5 1994 USA basic data set-1-Northridge deep ground liquefaction with large acceleration
Tab.4  
Fig.7  
Fig.8  
Fig.9  
Fig.10  
Fig.11  
Fig.12  
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