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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering

ISSN 2095-2430

ISSN 2095-2449(Online)

CN 10-1023/X

邮发代号 80-968

2019 Impact Factor: 1.68

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering  2020, Vol. 14 Issue (6): 1403-1417   https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0666-8
  本期目录
Heuristic solution using decision tree model for enhanced XML schema matching of bridge structural calculation documents
Sang I. PARK1,2, Sang-Ho LEE2()
1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Abstract

Research on the quality of data in a structural calculation document (SCD) is lacking, although the SCD of a bridge is used as an essential reference during the entire lifecycle of the facility. XML Schema matching enables qualitative improvement of the stored data. This study aimed to enhance the applicability of XML Schema matching, which improves the speed and quality of information stored in bridge SCDs. First, the authors proposed a method of reducing the computing time for the schema matching of bridge SCDs. The computing speed of schema matching was increased by 13 to 1800 times by reducing the checking process of the correlations. Second, the authors developed a heuristic solution for selecting the optimal weight factors used in the matching process to maintain a high accuracy by introducing a decision tree. The decision tree model was built using the content elements stored in the SCD, design companies, bridge types, and weight factors as input variables, and the matching accuracy as the target variable. The inverse-calculation method was applied to extract the weight factors from the decision tree model for high-accuracy schema matching results.

Key wordsstructural calculation document    bridge structure    XML Schema matching    weight factor    data mining    decision tree model
收稿日期: 2020-02-05      出版日期: 2021-01-12
Corresponding Author(s): Sang-Ho LEE   
 引用本文:   
. [J]. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2020, 14(6): 1403-1417.
Sang I. PARK, Sang-Ho LEE. Heuristic solution using decision tree model for enhanced XML schema matching of bridge structural calculation documents. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2020, 14(6): 1403-1417.
 链接本文:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/CN/10.1007/s11709-020-0666-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/CN/Y2020/V14/I6/1403
Fig.1  
Fig.2  
Fig.3  
Fig.4  
Fig.5  
Fig.6  
Fig.7  
Fig.8  
item variable variable type and range
target var. matching accuracy A: 100% D: 85%–89%
B: 95%–99% E: 80%–84%
C: 90%–94% F:≤79%
input var. ωNE continuous: 0–1
ωS continuous: 0–1
ωC continuous: 0–1
no. of element continuous
structural type of bridge cs: cable-stayed bridge
sb: steel box girder bridge
sp: steel plate bridge
sub_v: v-type substructure
sub_t: t-type substructure
company C_D: D E & C C_S: S Engineering
C_Y: Y Engineering C_K: K E & C
C_M: M Engineering
Tab.1  
Fig.9  
Fig.10  
item
A=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE>1631.5) && (WNE>0.21111)
A=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== sb) && (WNE<= 0.23611) && (WC>0.436505)
A=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== sb) && (WNE>0.23611) && (WS>0.108825)
A=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE>0.21111) && (TYPE== sub_v) && (WC<= 0.174245)
A=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE>1631.5) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WS>0.207145) && (WC>0.19091)
B=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== sub_v) && (WS<= 0.121325)
B=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE<= 524) && (WC<= 0.13393) && (WNE>0.13393)
B=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE>0.21111) && (TYPE== sp)
B=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (WNE<= 0.174245) && (TYPE== sub_t)
B=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== sub_v) && (WS>0.121325) && (WNE>0.322915) && (WC>0.23611)
B=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== sub_v) && (WS>0.121325) && (WNE<= 0.322915) && (WC>0.37647)
B=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE<= 1631.5) && (TYPE== sub_t) && (WC<= 0.13393) && (WNE>0.13393)
B=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE>1631.5) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WS>0.207145) && (WC<= 0.19091)
B=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE<= 524) && (WC>0.13393) && (WNE>0.267855) && (WS>0.322915)
B=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE<= 1631.5) && (TYPE== sub_t) && (WC>0.13393) && (WNE>0.174245) && (WS>0.267855)
B=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WC<= 0.436505) && (WS>0.39869) && (TYPE== sp)
B=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE>0.21111) && (TYPE== sub_v) && (WC>0.174245) && (WS<= 0.23611)
B=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE>0.21111) && (TYPE== cs) && (WS>0.23611) && (WC>0.23611)
B=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WC<= 0.436505) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (TYPE== cs)
B=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS<= 0.207145) && (TYPE== sub_t) && (WC>0.414285)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE>0.267855)
C=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE<= 524) && (WC>0.13393) && (WNE<= 0.267855)
C=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== sb) && (WNE>0.23611) && (WS<= 0.108825)
C=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE<= 1631.5) && (TYPE== sp) && (WC>0.21111)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE>1706) && (WS>0.39869) && (TYPE== sb)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE>1571.5) && (TYPE== cs) && (WNE>0.267855)
C=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE>0.21111) && (TYPE== cs) && (WS<= 0.23611)
C=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== cs) && (WNE<= 0.39869) && (WS>0.322915) && (WC<= 0.174245)
C=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== cs) && (WNE<= 0.39869) && (WS<= 0.322915) && (WC>0.414285)
C=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE<= 1631.5) && (TYPE== sp) && (WC<= 0.21111) && (WNE>0.21111)
C=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WC>0.436505) && (TYPE== sp)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (WNE<= 0.174245) && (TYPE== sub_v)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (WNE<= 0.174245) && (TYPE== sp)
C=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE>1631.5) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WS<= 0.207145) && (WC<= 0.21111)
C=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE<= 1631.5) && (TYPE== sub_t) && (WC>0.13393) && (WNE<= 0.174245)
C=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== sub_v) && (WS>0.121325) && (WNE>0.322915) && (WC<= 0.23611)
C=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== sub_v) && (WS>0.121325) && (WNE<= 0.322915) && (WC<= 0.37647)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE>1571.5) && (TYPE== cs) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS>0.39869)
C=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== cs) && (WNE<= 0.39869) && (WS<= 0.322915) && (WC<= 0.414285)
C=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WC>0.436505) && (TYPE== sub_v)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS>0.207145) && (WC>0.267855)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE>1706) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (WNE>0.19091) && (WC>0.267855)
C=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE<= 524) && (WC>0.13393) && (WNE>0.267855) && (WS<= 0.322915) && (TYPE== sub_t)
C=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE>0.21111) && (TYPE== sub_v) && (WC>0.174245) && (WS>0.23611)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE>1706) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (WNE<= 0.19091) && (TYPE== sb) && (WC>0.174245)
C=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE>0.21111) && (TYPE== cs) && (WS>0.23611) && (WC<= 0.23611)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE>1706) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (WNE<= 0.19091) && (TYPE== cs) && (WC<= 0.174245)
C=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WC<= 0.436505) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (TYPE== sp)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC>0.267855) && (WS<= 0.322915) && (WNE>0.21111) && (TYPE== sub_t)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE>1706) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (WNE>0.19091) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (TYPE== sb)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC>0.267855) && (WS<= 0.322915) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (TYPE== sp)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC>0.267855) && (WS<= 0.322915) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (TYPE== sub_v)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS<= 0.207145) && (TYPE== sp) && (WC>0.21111)
C=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE>1631.5) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WS<= 0.207145) && (WC>0.21111) && (TYPE== sb)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS<= 0.207145) && (TYPE== sub_v) && (WC>0.21111)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS<= 0.207145) && (TYPE== sub_t) && (WC<= 0.414285)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS>0.207145) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (TYPE== sp)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS>0.207145) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (TYPE== sub_v)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS>0.207145) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (TYPE== sub_t)
C=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE<= 1631.5) && (TYPE== sub_t) && (WC>0.13393) && (WNE>0.174245) && (WS<= 0.267855)
C=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE>1571.5) && (TYPE== cs) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (WC>0.436505)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC>0.267855) && (WS<= 0.322915) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (TYPE== sub_t)
C=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WC<= 0.436505) && (WS>0.39869) && (TYPE== sub_v)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (WNE>0.174245) && (WS<= 0.267855) && (TYPE== sub_v)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (WNE>0.174245) && (WS<= 0.267855) && (TYPE== sub_t)
C=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE<= 1631.5) && (TYPE== sp) && (WC<= 0.21111) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WS>0.207145)
C=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (WNE>0.174245) && (WS>0.267855) && (TYPE== sub_t)
C=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WC<= 0.436505) && (WS>0.39869) && (TYPE== cs)
D=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== cs) && (WNE>0.39869)
D=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== cs) && (WNE<= 0.39869) && (WS>0.322915) && (WC>0.174245)
D=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC>0.267855) && (WS>0.322915) && (TYPE== sp)
D=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WC>0.436505) && (TYPE== cs)
D=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE<= 1631.5) && (TYPE== sub_t) && (WC<= 0.13393) && (WNE<= 0.13393)
D=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE>1571.5) && (TYPE== sb) && (WNE<= 0.39869) && (WS<= 0.39869)
D=: (COMPANY== C_M) && (NUM_LINE<= 1631.5) && (TYPE== sp) && (WC<= 0.21111) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WS<= 0.207145)
D=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS<= 0.207145) && (TYPE== sp) && (WC<= 0.21111)
D=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE>524) && (WNE<= 0.21111) && (WC<= 0.436505) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (TYPE== sub_v)
D=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC>0.267855) && (WS<= 0.322915) && (WNE>0.21111) && (TYPE== sp)
D=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE<= 1571.5) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS<= 0.207145) && (TYPE== sub_v) && (WC<= 0.21111)
D=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC>0.267855) && (WS<= 0.322915) && (WNE>0.21111) && (TYPE== sub_v)
D=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE>1571.5) && (TYPE== cs) && (WNE<= 0.267855) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (WC<= 0.436505)
D=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE>1706) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (WNE>0.19091) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (TYPE== cs)
D=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE>1706) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (WNE<= 0.19091) && (TYPE== sb) && (WC<= 0.174245)
D=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE>1706) && (WS<= 0.39869) && (WNE<= 0.19091) && (TYPE== cs) && (WC>0.174245)
E=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE>1571.5) && (TYPE== sb) && (WNE>0.39869)
E=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE>1706) && (WS>0.39869) && (TYPE== cs)
E=: (COMPANY== C_D) && (NUM_LINE<= 524) && (WC<= 0.13393) && (WNE<= 0.13393)
E=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC>0.267855) && (WS>0.322915) && (TYPE== sub_v)
E=: (COMPANY== C_S) && (NUM_LINE>1571.5) && (TYPE== sb) && (WNE<= 0.39869) && (WS>0.39869)
E=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC>0.267855) && (WS>0.322915) && (TYPE== sub_t)
E=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (WNE>0.174245) && (WS>0.267855) && (TYPE== sub_v)
E=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (WNE>0.174245) && (WS<= 0.267855) && (TYPE== sp)
F=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== sb) && (WNE<= 0.23611) && (WC<= 0.436505) && (WS>0.218255)
F=: (COMPANY== C_K) && (TYPE== sb) && (WNE<= 0.23611) && (WC<= 0.436505) && (WS<= 0.218255)
F=: (COMPANY== C_Y) && (NUM_LINE<= 1706) && (WC<= 0.267855) && (WNE>0.174245) && (WS>0.267855) && (TYPE== sp)
Tab.2  
Fig.11  
input variable MM module SMM module
type company No. of elements accuracy (%) used weight value accuracy (%)
cable-stayed bridge S engineering 1028 85.22 ωNE = 0.26, ωS = 0.21, ωC = 0.27, ωP = 0.26 95.08
steel plate bridge D engineering 845 90.91 ωNE = 0.21, ωS = 0.40, ωC = 0.33, ωP = 0.06 97.26
v-type substructure K engineering 549 87.50 ωNE = 0.32, ωS = 0.13, ωC = 0.38, ωP = 0.17 96.71
steel box girder bridge Y engineering 1826 78.13 ωNE = 0.19, ωS = 0.39, ωC = 0.18, ωP = 0.24 94.58
cable-stayed bridge M engineering 1933 93.33 ωNE = 0.21, ωS = 0.21, ωC = 0.20, ωP = 0.38 98.65
Tab.3  
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