1. Department of Civil Engineering, Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106-08, China 2. Fatigue & Fracture Laboratory, CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai 600113, India
In a nuclear powerplant, the rotary equipment, such as a pump directly fitted with hanger in the piping system, experiences torsional and bending loads. Higher crack growth rate occurs because of this torsional load in addition to the bending load. Hence, it is necessary to study the fatigue behavior of piping components under the influence of combined torsional and bending load. In this study, experimental fatigue life evaluation was conducted on a notched stainless steel SA312 Type 304LN straight pipe having an outer diameter of 170 mm. The experimental crack depth was measured using alternating current potential drop technique. The fatigue life of the stainless steel straight pipe was predicted using experiments, Delale and Erdogan method, and area-averaged root mean square–stress intensity factor approach at the deepest and surface points of the notch. Afterward, the fatigue crack growth and crack pattern were discussed. As a result, fatigue crack growth predicted using analytical methods are in good agreement with experimental results.
ASME. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components. New York: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992
2
JSME. Codes for Nuclear Power Generation Facilities-rules on Fitness-for-service for Nuclear Power Plants. Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008
3
Y Li, K Hasegawa, M Sakai, S Matsuura, N Miura. Experimental investigation of failure estimation method for circumferentially cracked pipes subjected to combined bending and torsion moments. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2015, 137(2): 021202
4
K Hasegawa, Y Li, B Bezensek, P Hoang. Effect of torsion on collapse bending moment for 24-inch diameter schedule 80 pipes with wall thinning. In: ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. Toronto: American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 2012, 123–130
5
D Pukazhendhi, S Vishnuvardhan, M Saravanan, P Gandhi, G Raghava. Fatigue and fracture studies on 168 mm OD stainless steel straight pipes with circumferential outer surface crack on base metal. Sponsored Project SSP Report Nos 4 & 5. 2008
6
P Paris, F Erdogan. A critical analysis of crack propagation laws. Journal of Basic Engineering, 1963, 85(4): 528–533 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3656900
7
F Erdogan, M Ratwani. Fatigue and fracture of cylindrical shells containing a circumferential crack. International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 1970, 6(4): 379–3928. F Delale, F Erdogan. The crack problem in a specially orthotropic shell with double curvature. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1983, 18(3): 529–544 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(83)90047-4
8
T A Cruse, P Besuner. Residual life prediction for surface cracks in complex structural details. Journal of Aircraft, 1975, 12(4): 369–375 https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44458
9
P Arora, P K Singh, V Bhasin, K K Vaze, A K Ghosh, D M Pukazhendhi, P Gandhi, G Raghava. Predictions for fatigue crack growth life of cracked pipes and pipe welds using RMS SIF approach and experimental validation. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2011, 88(10): 384–394 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2011.07.003
10
R Rastogi, S Ghosh, A Ghosh, K Vaze, P Singh. Fatigue crack growth prediction in nuclear piping using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 2017, 40(1): 145–156 https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12486
11
J Yang, G Lu, T Yu, S Reid. Experimental study and numerical simulation of pipe-on-pipe impact. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2009, 36(10–11): 1259–1268 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.05.001
12
P Arora, P K Singh, V.Bhasin, K K Vaze, D M Pukazhendhi, P Gandhi, G Raghava. Fatigue crack growth behavior in pipes and elbows of carbon steel and stainless steel materials. Procedia Engineering, 2013, 55: 703–709 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.318
13
K Hasegawa, Y Li, B Bezensek, P H Hoang, H J Rathbun. Technical basis for application of collapse moments for locally thinned pipes subjected to torsion and bending proposed for ASME Section XI. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2016, 138(1): 011101
14
P Nagapadmaja, V Kalyanaraman, S R Satish Kumar, P Chellapandi. Experimental study on LBB behaviour of LMFBR pipe elbows. International Journal of Fatigue, 2008, 30(3): 574–584 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.03.003
15
D R Murthy, D Pukazhendhi, D P Navin, P Chellapandi, S Chetal. Investigations on shell-nozzle junction of steam generator for LBB justification. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 2007, 30(12): 1203–1213 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2007.01189.x
16
M Skorupa, A Skorupa. Experimental results and predictions on fatigue crack growth in structural steel. International Journal of Fatigue, 2005, 27(8): 1016–1028 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.11.011
F P Brennan, S Ngiam, C Lee. An experimental and analytical study of fatigue crack shape control by cold working. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2008, 75(3–4): 355–363 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.03.033
19
Y Li, K Hasegawa, N Miura, K Hoshino. Experimental investigation of failure estimation method for stainless steel pipes with a circumferential crack subjected to combined tensile and torsion loads. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2013, 135(4): 041405
20
W Y Chu, C M Hsiao, L J Jin, T H Liu. Fatigue crack initiation from a notch tip under a cyclic compressive load. Scripta Metallurgica, 1983, 17(8): 993–996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0036-9748(83)90437-4
21
D V Kumar, D R Murthy, S Seetharaman, S Gupta, K Bhasin, H Vaze, S Kushwaha. Cyclic tearing and crack growth in circumferentially cracked straight pipes. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 2004, 27(11): 1061–1072 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2004.00822.x
22
N Jones, S Birch, R Birch, L Zhu, M Brown. An experimental study on the lateral impact of fully clamped mild steel pipes. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part E, Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 1992, 206(2): 111–127 https://doi.org/10.1243/PIME_PROC_1992_206_207_02
23
V Sahu, P Ray, B Verma. Experimental fatigue crack growth analysis and modelling in part-through circumferentially pre‐cracked pipes under pure bending load. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 2017, 40(7): 1154–1163 https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12576
24
Y Murakami, L Keer. Stress intensity factors handbook, Vol. 3. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1993, 60(4): 1063 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2900983
25
D M Pukazhendhi, K C Pazhani, S Parivallal. Experimental investigations of fatigue crack growth and behaviour on stainless steel elbows. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2017, 44(1): 95–104
26
X Lin. Fatigue crack growth simulation of surface cracks under arbitrary crack face loading. In: 13th International Conference on Fracture. Beijing: Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2013, 16–21