The harsh environment in tunnels with high geothermal temperatures and humidity can adversely impact machinery, personnel, and construction. The main causes of specific problems are the unknown mechanisms of local geothermal formation, inappropriate temperature control measures, and insufficient systematic safeguards. In this study, three work sections relating to a high geothermal tunnel are: the tunnel face, middle-of-tunnel section, and outside-of-tunnel section. A cooling strategy is proposed to offer technical support in achieving comprehensive cooling, overall as well as for each of the sections. First, a comprehensive geological survey explores the mechanism and exact location of the heat source. Secondly, grouting and centralized drainage measures are used to control the heat release of hot water. Enhanced ventilation, ice chillers and other applicable measures are used to control the ambient temperature. Finally, a monitoring and early warning system is established to prevent accidents. This cooling strategy has been applied in the field with good results.
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Drainage with covered holes; thermal insulation air duct
Local grouting; thermal insulation drainage ditch; thermal insulation air duct
Full-section grouting; thermal insulation drainage ditch; thermal insulation air duct
Full-section grouting; thermal insulation pipe drainage; thermal insulation air duct
Outside-of-tunnel section
Use 1–2 fans; 1–2 air ducts to enhance ventilation
Use 2–3 fans and 2–3 air ducts to enhance ventilation
Use 3 fans and 3 air ducts to enhance ventilation
Use 3 fans and 3 air ducts to enhance ventilation
Tab.5
Fig.13
Fig.14
Parameter
Value
Depth of the tunnel (m)
350
Surrounding rock grade
V
Tunnel size (m)
10.43 m × 8.62 m
Lining thickness (m)
0.45
Concrete grade
C35
Young’s modulus (GPa)
31.5
Thermal conductivity (W/(m·°C)]
1.6
Coefficient of linear expansion (1/°C)
1.02 × 10?5
Specific heat capacity (J/(kg·°C) )
911
Lining unit type
plane13
Spring unit type
combin14
Tab.6
Ventilation time (d)
Lining temperature (°C)
Minimum safety factor
1
56.0
2.53
2
52.9
2.63
4
50.3
2.80
7
47.7
3.48
11
44.0
3.72
16
42.0
3.80
Tab.7
Fig.15
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