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Resistance of large caisson in floating transport
considering the influence of air
Junjie ZHENG, Zongzhe LI, Dongan ZHAO, Qiang MA, Rongjun ZHANG,
Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.. 2010, 4 (3): 331-338.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-010-0085-3
This paper deals with the floating resistance of super large caisson by numerical simulation, and the influence of air resistance on the caisson, which is often ignored by previous researchers, is considered. The floating caisson of Taizhou Highway Bridge’s middle tower pier is investigated, and the software package FLUENT is used to simulate the floating process of large-scale rounded rectangular steel caisson. This simulation adopts the volume of fluid (VOF) model with water-air two-phase flow, which can take both the hydraulic resistance and air resistance into account. Subsequently, the analyses on hydraulic resistance and air resistance under different working conditions, such as different flow velocities and different draughts of water are performed, and the results are compared with those calculated by related empirical formula. The comparison shows that the air resistance takes up notable portion in the total resistance on the floating caisson, and the effect of air resistance on the safety of caisson should be paid sufficient attention to rather than be ignored.
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Nonlinear analysis of pre-tensioned glass wall
facade by stability function with initial imperfection
Siu-Lai CHAN, Yaopeng LIU, Andy LEE,
Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.. 2010, 4 (3): 376-382.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-010-0086-2
Pre-tensioned high strength trusses using alloy steel bar are widely used as glass wall supporting systems because of the high degree of transparency. The breakage of glass panes in this type of system occurs occasionally, likely to be due to error in design and analysis in addition to other factors like glass impurity and stress concentration around opening in a spider system. Most design does not consider the flexibility of supports from finite stiffness of supporting steel or reinforced concrete beams. The resistance of lateral wind pressure of the system makes use of high tension force coupled with the large deflection effect, both of which are affected by many parameters not generally considered in conventional structures. In the design, one must therefore give a careful consideration on various effects, such as support settlement due to live loads and material creep, temperature change, pre-tension force, and wind pressure. It is not uncommon to see many similar glass wall systems fail in the wind load test chambers under a design wind speed. This paper presents a rigorous analysis and design of this type of structural systems used in a project in Hong Kong, China. The stability function with initial curvature is used in place of the cubic function, which is only accurate for linear analysis. The considerations and analysis techniques are believed to be of value to engineers involved in the design of the structural systems behaving nonlinearly.
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