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Soil Ecology Letters

ISSN 2662-2289

ISSN 2662-2297(Online)

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Soil Ecology Letters  2022, Vol. 4 Issue (3): 237-253   https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-021-0102-6
  本期目录
Effect and mechanism of changes in physical structure and chemical composition of new biochar on Cu(II) adsorption in an aqueous solution
Shengnan Yuan, Zhongxin Tan*()
Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Abstract：

• The adsorption capacity of Cu(II) by C-O-Fe structure biochar is 98.039 mg g–1.

• The biochar skeleton can produce Fe-O–Cu complex with Cu(II).

• About 49.5% of Cu(II) is immobilized through ion exchange.

To improve the adsorption effect of biochar on heavy metal Cu(II), we prepared new biochar and explored its modification process influence on original biochar’s physical structure and chemical composition as well as its adsorption mechanism for Cu(II) in an aqueous solution. Through research work, we have reached some significant conclusions: (1) The modified biochar (M2-800) can adsorb Cu(II) at the rate of 98.039 mg g–1, 38.8 times higher than that of the original biochar C800 (2.525 mg g–1); (2) The biochar modification process boosts its etching and pore expansion, helping Cu(II) enter the inner surface of the adsorbent, but chemical adsorption is still the most essential fixation method for Cu(II); (3) The alkaline modification process promotes the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups, in which-OH/–COOH and iron ions would form C-O-Fe structures such as hydroxyl bridges (Fe-O–) and carboxy bridges (Fe-OOC–); (4) Carboxyl is the primary site of Cu(II) fixation in M2-800, and M2-800 has higher electronegativity (−47.8 mV) and larger pH (11.61), so that Cu(II) can be removed by electrostatic attraction and precipitation.
Key words： Modified biochar    Alkaline solution    C-O-Fe structure    Cu(II) adsorption    Mechanism
收稿日期: 2020-07-23      出版日期: 2022-04-20
Corresponding Author(s): Zhongxin Tan*   
作者简介:

Peng Lu, Renxing Wang, and Yue Xing contributed equally to this work.
 引用本文:   
. [J]. Soil Ecology Letters, 2022, 4(3): 237-253.
Shengnan Yuan, Zhongxin Tan*. Effect and mechanism of changes in physical structure and chemical composition of new biochar on Cu(II) adsorption in an aqueous solution. Soil Ecology Letters, 2022, 4(3): 237-253.
 链接本文:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/CN/10.1007/s42832-021-0102-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/CN/Y2022/V4/I3/237
Fig.1  
T (K) Regression equation R2 Qm KL
298 Ce/Qe = 0.0102Ce + 0.0186 0.9994 98.0392 0.5484
308 Ce/Qe = 0.0105Ce + 0.0398 0.9992 95.2381 0.2638
318 Ce/Qe = 0.0107Ce + 0.071 0.9941 93.4579 0.1507
Tab.1  
T (K) Regression equation R2 n KF
298 lgQe = 0.2411lgCe + 1.5883 0.9298 0.2411 38.7525
308 lgQe = 2.4711lgCe–3.2495 0.8298 2.4711 0.0006
318 lgQe = 1.8897 lgCe–2.0574 0.7231 1.8897 0.0088
Tab.2  
Fig.2  
Adsorbents Langmuir model Freundlich model
Qmax
(mg g−1)		 KL
(L mg−1)		 R2 KF
(mg1-n Ln/g)		 n R2
C400 1.147 0.019 0.9566 0.046 0.622 0.9541
C800 2.525 0.029 0.9667 0.255 0.440 0.9745
M1-400 5.426 0.120 0.9862 2.468 0.153 0.9188
M1-800 17.123 0.803 0.9982 12.909 0.065 0.9552
M2-400 6.570 0.132 0.9894 3.079 0.149 0.9532
M2-800 98.039 0.548 0.9994 38.752 0.241 0.9298
Tab.3  
Biochar feedstock Modification condition Heavy metal Adsorption capacity Reference
Gingko (Spiraea blumei) leaf biochar (GB) - Cu(II) Qmax = 59.9 mg g−1 Lee et al. (2019)
Palm oil mill sludge
biochar (POSB)		 - Cu(II) Qmax = 48.8 mg g−1 Goh et al. (2019)
Miscanthus giganteus biochar H2O2 Cu(II) Qmax = 15.7 mg g−1 Cibati et al. (2017)
Hickory wood biochar KMnO4 Cu(II) Qmax = 34.2 mg g−1 Wang et al. (2015)
Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng (HLG) biochar H2O2 Cu(II) Qmax = 53.8 mg g−1 Zuo et al. (2016)
Farmyard manure biochar
(DBC-FYM)		 - Cu(II) Qmax = 44.5 mg g−1 Batool et al. (2017)
Poultry manure biochar
(DBC-PM)		 - Cu(II) Qmax = 43.68 mg g−1 Batool et al. (2017)
Date-seed biochar - Cu(II) Qmax = 0.42 mmol g−1 Mahdi et al. (2018)
Sewage sludge derived biochar
(SSDB)		 NH3·H2O Cu(II) Qmax = 74.51 mg g−1 Tang et al. (2019)
Biochar/MnAl-layered double hydroxides (LDH) composites(MnAl-LDH) MnSO4 and
Al(NO3)3		 Cu(II) Qmax = 74.07 mg g−1 Wang et al. (2018)
Ferromanganese binary oxide–biochar composites (FMBC) KMnO4 and Fe(NO3)3 Cu(II) Qmax = 64.9 mg g−1 Zhou et al. (2018b)
Soft- (pine) biochar - Cu(II) Qmax = 1.47 mg g−1 Jiang et al. (2016)
Hard-wood (jarrah) biochar - Cu(II) Qmax = 4.39 mg g−1 Jiang et al. (2016)
Rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) biochar - Cu(II) Qmax = 0.37 mol kg−1 Jiang et al. (2015)
Pristine biochar (UBC) from earthworm manure - Cu(II) Qmax = 36.56 mg g−1 Wang et al. (2017b)
Earthworm manure biochar treated by HCl (WBC) HCl Cu(II) Qmax = 8.64 mg g−1 Wang et al. (2017b)
Modified biochar (M2-800) Fe2+/Fe3+ Cu(II) Qmax = 98.039 mg g−1 This work
Tab.4  
Fig.3  
Sample BET specific surface area (m2 g−1) Pore volume(cm3 g−1) t-plot micropore volume (cm3 g−1) BJH mesopore volume (cm3 g−1) Average aperture (nm)
C800 241.9328 0.122767 0.068921 0.073571 ?2.02977
M1-400 ?28.6780 0.102836 —— 0.174658 14.34354
M1-800 ?67.4032 0.065531 0.015739 0.083292 ?3.88890
M2-800 ??1.3520 0.002301 0.000277 0.008863 ?6.80898
Tab.5  
Fig.4  
Fig.5  
Materials M2-800 C800 M2-800-ash
The adsorption amount of Cu(II) (mg g–1) 98.039 2.525 9.890
Tab.6  
N (%) P (%) K (%) S (%) C (%) H (%) Fe (%)
C800 0.94 0.66 6.91 0.42 44.82 0.52 0
M2-800-ash - - 0.43 - - - 82.5
Tab.7  
Fig.6  
Fig.7  
Element Binding energy /eV Types of functional groups The content before adsorption (%) The content after adsorption (%)
C 1s 284.4 Aromatic carbon 75.30 69.27
286.0 Hydroxyl carbon 3.84 20.65
288.7 Carboxyl carbon 15.83 5.33
286.7 Ketone carbon 2.11 0.82
287.8 Carbonyl carbon 2.92 3.93
O 1s 531.9 Carbonyl oxygen 76.73 1.10
532.9 Hydroxyl oxygen 6.90 98.31
536.2 Carboxyl oxygen 15.76 0.56
530.1 Lattice oxygen of metal oxide 0.61 0.03
Fe 2p 709.1 Fe3+ (Octahedral coordination) 62.85 57.29
711.3 Fe2+ (Octahedral coordination) 12.95 6.28
717.2 Fe3+ (Tetrahedral coordination) 22.95 35.74
706.1 Fe (0) 1.25 0.6
Tab.8  
System Cu2+ adsorption
(meq L–1)		 Amount of cation released (meq L–1) R(%)
K+ Ca2+ Na+ Mg2+
C800 Control group b – 1.7033 0.3528 0.1488 0.2674 –
Test group a 0.0614 0.0189 0.0102 0.0013 0.0162 75.90
M2-800 Control group b – 0.2148 0.0195 6.2180 0.0165 –
Test group a 3.0725 0.0402 0.0653 1.3840 0.0329 49.55
Tab.9  
Fig.8  
Samples Particles recovery rate (%) Regeneration rate of Cu adsorption (%)
1 2 3 1 2 3
M2-400 97.1 96.6 95.4 91.2 83.7 77.5
M2-800 96.5 94.7 93.1 97.6 88.9 79.4
Tab.10  
Fig.9  
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