Patterns of crop-specific fertilizer-nitrogen losses and opportunities for sustainable mitigation: A quantitative overview of 15N-tracing studies

doi:10.1007/s42832-023-0206-2

Soil Ecology Letters

2024, Vol. 6

Issue (2): 230206 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-023-0206-2

本期目录

Patterns of crop-specific fertilizer-nitrogen losses and opportunities for sustainable mitigation: A quantitative overview of ¹⁵N-tracing studies

Cong Xu^1,², Hanshen Zhu^1,², Haokuang Liu^1,², Cheng Ji^1,², Jie Yuan¹, Guanlin Li², Jidong Wang^1,²(

), Yongchun Zhang^1,²(

)

¹. National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
². School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

全文: PDF(3602 KB) HTML

Abstract：

● Pattern and mitigation potential of crop-specific fertilizer-N losses were assessed.

● China showed high fertilizer-N losses due to high N application rates and low SOC.

● MAP, SOC, and soil pH are key parameters affecting fertilizer-N losses.

● At a given application rate, soils with higher SOC have lower fertilizer-N losses.

● Optimal N rate combined with SOC improvement could cut 34.8%−59.6% of N losses.

Understanding crop-specific fertilizer-nitrogen (N) loss patterns, driving factors, and mitigation potentials is vital for developing efficient mitigation strategies. However, analyses based on the gross magnitude of fertilizer-N losses within a growing season remain fragmented and inconclusive at a global scale. To address this gap, we conducted a global meta-analysis using 940 observations from 79 published ¹⁵N-tracing studies to assess the effects of natural factors, soil parameters, and N application rates on gross fertilizer-N losses in cereal-cropped soils. We found that China had the highest conventional fertilizer-N application and loss rates (230−255 and 75.9−114 kg N ha⁻¹ season⁻¹, respectively) and the lowest soil organic carbon (SOC) contents (10.6 g kg⁻¹) among the countries examined. Mean annual precipitation, SOC content, and soil pH were key parameters affecting fertilizer-N losses in wheat-, maize-, and rice-cropped soils, respectively. Fertilizer-N application rates were positively correlated with N loss amounts, while higher SOC levels led to lower losses. Adopting optimized N application rates combined with improving SOC levels could potentially mitigate 34.8%−59.6% of N losses without compromising crop yields compared with conventional practices. This study underscores the critical role of SOC in reducing N losses and suggests that future research should focus on innovative strategies and efficient organic amendments for enhanced SOC sequestration.

Key words： fertilizer-nitrogen loss crop-specific ¹⁵N tracing soil organic carbon meta-analysis

收稿日期: 2023-05-28 出版日期: 2023-12-13

Corresponding Author(s): Jidong Wang,Yongchun Zhang

引用本文:

. [J]. Soil Ecology Letters, 2024, 6(2): 230206.
Cong Xu, Hanshen Zhu, Haokuang Liu, Cheng Ji, Jie Yuan, Guanlin Li, Jidong Wang, Yongchun Zhang. Patterns of crop-specific fertilizer-nitrogen losses and opportunities for sustainable mitigation: A quantitative overview of ¹⁵N-tracing studies. Soil Ecology Letters, 2024, 6(2): 230206.

链接本文:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/CN/10.1007/s42832-023-0206-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/CN/Y2024/V6/I2/230206

Tab.1

Fig.1

Fig.2

1	W., Amelung, D., Bossio, W., de Vries, I., Kogel-Knabner, J., Lehmann, R., Amundson, R., Bol, C., Collins, R., Lal, J., Leifeld, B., Minasny, G., Pan, K., Paustian, C., Rumpel, J., Sanderman, J.W., van Groenigen, S., Mooney, B., van Wesemael, M., Wander, A., Chabbi, 2020. Towards a global-scale soil climate mitigation strategy. Nature Communications11, 5427. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18887-7
2	R., Bhattacharyya, T.K., Das, S., Das, A., Dey, A.K., Patra, R., Agnihotri, A., Ghosh, A.R., Sharma, 2019. Four years of conservation agriculture affects topsoil aggregate-associated 15nitrogen but not the 15nitrogen use efficiency by wheat in a semi-arid climate. Geoderma337, 333–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.036
3	G., Cai, D., Chen, R.E., White, X., Fan, A., Pacholski, Z., Zhu, H., Ding, 2002. Gaseous nitrogen losses from urea applied to maize on a calcareous fluvo-aquic soil in the North China Plain. Soil Research (Collingwood, Vic.)40, 737–748. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR01011
4	G., Chen, G., Zhao, W., Cheng, H., Zhang, C., Lu, H., Zhang, Y., Shen, B., Wang, W., Shi, 2020. Rice nitrogen use efficiency does not link to ammonia volatilization in paddy fields. Science of the Total Environment741, 140433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140433
5	X., Chen, Z., Cui, M., Fan, P., Vitousek, M., Zhao, W., Ma, Z., Wang, W., Zhang, X., Yan, J., Yang, X., Deng, Q., Gao, Q., Zhang, S., Guo, J., Ren, S., Li, Y., Ye, Z., Wang, J., Huang, Q., Tang, Y., Sun, X., Peng, J., Zhang, M., He, Y., Zhu, J., Xue, G., Wang, L., Wu, N., An, L., Wu, L., Ma, W., Zhang, F., Zhang, 2014. Producing more grain with lower environmental costs. Nature514, 486–489. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13609
6	Y., Cheng, A.S., Elrys, A.M., Merwad, H., Zhang, Z., Chen, J., Zhang, Z., Cai, C., Muller, 2022. Global patterns and drivers of soil dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Environmental Science & Technology56, 3791–3800. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07997
7	X., Cui, Z., Shang, L., Xia, R., Xu, W., Adalibieke, X., Zhan, P., Smith, F., Zhou, 2022. Deceleration of cropland-N2O emissions in China and future mitigation potentials. Environmental Science & Technology56, 4665–4675. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07276
8	A.S., Elrys, Z., Chen, J., Wang, Y., Uwiragiye, A.M., Helmy, E.M., Desoky, Y., Cheng, J., Zhang, Z., Cai, C., Müller, 2022. Global patterns of soil gross immobilization of ammonium and nitrate in terrestrial ecosystems. Global Change Biology28, 4472–4488. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16202
9	Q., Fang, Q., Yu, E., Wang, Y., Chen, G., Zhang, J., Wang, L., Li, 2006. Soil nitrate accumulation, leaching and crop nitrogen use as influenced by fertilization and irrigation in an intensive wheat-maize double cropping system in the North China Plain. Plant and Soil284, 335–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7
10	J.A., Foley, N., Ramankutty, K.A., Brauman, E.S., Cassidy, J.S., Gerber, M., Johnston, N.D., Mueller, C., O’Connell, D.K., Ray, P.C., West, C., Balzer, E.M., Bennett, S.R., Carpenter, J., Hill, C., Monfreda, S., Polasky, J., Rockstrom, J., Sheehan, S., Siebert, D., Tilman, D.P., Zaks, 2011. Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature478, 337–342. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10452
11	J.B., Gardner, L.E., Drinkwater, 2009. The fate of nitrogen in grain cropping systems: A meta-analysis of 15N field experiments. Ecological Applications19, 2167–2184. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1122.1
12	T., George, 2014. Why crop yields in developing countries have not kept pace with advances in agronomy. Global Food Security3, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2013.10.002
13	T., Gomiero, 2016. Soil degradation, land scarcity and food security: Reviewing a complex challenge. Sustainability (Basel)8, 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030281
14	C.L., Goodale, 2016. Multi-year fate of a 15N tracer in a mixed deciduous forest: Retention, redistribution, and differences by mycorrhizal association. Global Change Biology23, 867–880. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13483
15	J., Guo, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Shen, W., Han, W., Zhang, P., Christie, K.W., Goulding, P.M., Vitousek, F., Zhang, 2010. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science327, 1008–1010. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1182570
16	J., Gurevitch, P.S., Curtis, M.H., Jones, 2001. Meta-analysis in ecology. Advances in Ecological Research32, 199–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(01)32013-5
17	S., Hansen, R.B., Frøseth, M., Stenberg, J., Stalenga, J.E., Olesen, M., Krauss, P., Radzikowski, J., Doltra, S., Nadeem, T., Torp, V., Pappa, C.A., Watson, 2019. Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching from organic arable crop rotations. Biogeosciences16, 2795–2819. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2795-2019
18	P., Huang, J., Zhang, A., Zhu, X., Li, D., Ma, X., Xin, C., Zhang, S., Wu, G., Garland, E.I.P., Pereira, 2017. Nitrate accumulation and leaching potential reduced by coupled water and nitrogen management in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Science of the Total Environment 610–611, 610–611
19	A.M., Huddell, G.L., Galford, K.L., Tully, C., Crowley, C.A., Palm, C., Neill, J.E., Hickman, D.N.L., Menge, 2020. Meta-analysis on the potential for increasing nitrogen losses from intensifying tropical agriculture. Global Change Biology26, 1668–1680. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14951
20	Y., Huo, G., Hu, X., Han, H., Wang, Y., Zhuge, 2023. Straw-returning reduces the contribution of microbial anabolism to salt-affected soil organic carbon accumulation over a salinity gradient. Soil Ecology Letters5, 220168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-022-0168-9
21	H., Liang, P., Shen, X., Kong, Y., Liao, Y., Liu, X., Wen, 2020. Optimal nitrogen practice in winter wheat-summer maize rotation affecting the fates of 15N-labeled fertilizer. Agronomy (Basel)10, 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040521
22	D., Liu, A.K., Mishra, D.K., Ray, 2020a. Sensitivity of global major crop yields to climate variables: A non-parametric elasticity analysis. Science of the Total Environment748, 141431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141431
23	J., Liu, X., Ouyang, J., Shen, Y., Li, W., Sun, W., Jiang, J., Wu, 2020b. Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses were influenced by chemical fertilization but not by pesticide application in a double rice-cropping system in the subtropical hilly region of China. Science of the Total Environment715, 136852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136852
24	F., Lü, M., Hou, H., Zhang, K., Asif, A., Muhammad, C., Qiangjiu, C., Hu, X., Yang, B., Sun, S., Zhang, 2019. Closing the nitrogen use efficiency gap and reducing the environmental impact of wheat-maize cropping on smallholder farms in Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture18, 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61948-3
25	D.M., Luvizotto, J.E., Araujo, M.C.P., Silva, A.C.F., Dias, B., Kraft, H., Tegetmeye, M., Strous, F.D., Andreote, 2019. The rates and players of denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) in mangrove soils. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências91, e20180373. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820180373
26	Q., Ma, X., Li, W., Song, B., Jia, Q., Zhang, L., Lin, F., Li, 2018. Plastic-film mulch and fertilization rate affect the fate of urea-15N in maize production. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems112, 403–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-018-9955-1
27	Z., Ma, Y., Yue, M., Feng, Y., Li, X., Ma, X., Zhao, S., Wang, 2019. Mitigation of ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching via loss control urea triggered H-bond forces. Scientific Reports9, 15140. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51566-2
28	T.M., Maaz, T.B., Sapkota, A.J., Eagle, M.B., Kantar, T.W., Bruulsema, K., Majumdar, 2021. Meta-analysis of yield and nitrous oxide outcomes for nitrogen management in agriculture. Global Change Biology27, 2343–2360. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15588
29	A., Michalczyk, K.C., Kersebaum, L., Heimann, M., Roelcke, Q.P., Sun, X.P., Chen, F.S. Zhang, 2016. Simulating in situ ammonia volatilization losses in the North China Plain using a dynamic soil-crop model. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science179, 270–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201400673
30	D., Nair, K.R., Baral, D., Abalos, B.W., Strobel, S.O., Petersen, 2020. Nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions from maize after grass-clover on a coarse sandy soil: Mitigation potentials of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP). Journal of Environmental Management260, 110165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110165
31	E.E., Oldfield, M.A., Bradford, S.A., Wood, 2019. Global meta-analysis of the relationship between soil organic matter and crop yields. Soil (Göttingen)5, 15–32. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-15-2019
32	B., Pan, L., Xia, S.K., Lam, E., Wang, Y., Zhang, A., Mosier, D., Chen, 2022. A global synthesis of soil denitrification: Driving factors and mitigation strategies. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment327, 107850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107850
33	X., Pan, M.A.A., Baquy, P., Guan, J., Yan, R., Wang, R., Xu, L., Xie, 2019. Effect of soil acidification on the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in Ultisols. Journal of Soils and Sediments20, 1435–1445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02515-z
34	C., Poeplau, A., Don, J., Six, M., Kaiser, D., Benbi, C., Chenu, M.F., Cotrufo, D., Derrien, P., Gioacchini, S., Grand, E., Gregorich, M., Griepentrog, A., Gunina, M., Haddix, Y., Kuzyakov, A., Kühnel, L.M., Macdonald, J., Soong, S., Trigalet, M.L., Vermeire, P., Rovira, B., van Wesemael, M., Wiesmeier, S., Yeasmin, I., Yevdokimov, R., Nieder, 2018. Isolating organic carbon fractions with varying turnover rates in temperate agricultural soils—A comprehensive method comparison. Soil Biology & Biochemistry125, 10–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.06.025
35	H.J., Poffenbarger, J.E., Sawyer, D.W., Barker, D.C., Olk, J., Six, M.J., Castellano, 2018. Legacy effects of long-term nitrogen fertilizer application on the fate of nitrogen fertilizer inputs in continuous maize. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment265, 544–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.07.005
36	V., Poirier, D.A., Angers, J.K., Whalen, 2014. Formation of millimetric-scale aggregates and associated retention of 13C-15N-labelled residues are greater in subsoil than topsoil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry75, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.020
37	Z., Quan, S., Li, X., Zhang, F., Zhu, P., Li, R., Sheng, X., Chen, L., Zhang, J., He, W., Wei, Y., Fang, 2020. Fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency and fates in maize cropping systems across China: Field 15N tracer studies. Soil & Tillage Research197, 104498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104498
38	Z., Quan, X., Zhang, E.A., Davidson, F., Zhu, S., Li, X., Zhao, X., Chen, L., Zhang, J., He, W., Wei, Y., Fang, 2021. Fates and use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in maize cropping systems and their responses to technologies and management practices: A global analysis on field 15N tracer studies. Earthʼs Future 9, e2020EF001514
39	D.K., Ray, J.S., Gerber, G.K., MacDonald, P.C., West, 2015. Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability. Nature Communications6, 5989. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6989
40	P., Rochette, D.A., Angers, M.H., Chantigny, J.D., MacDonald, N., Bissonnette, N., Bertrand, 2009. Ammonia volatilization following surface application of urea to tilled and no-till soils: A laboratory comparison. Soil & Tillage Research103, 310–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.10.028
41	M.S., Rosenberg, D.C., Adams, J., Gurevitch, 2000. MetaWin: statistical software for meta-analysis. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA
42	L., Schutz, A., Gattinger, M., Meier, A., Muller, T., Boller, P., Mader, N., Mathimaran, 2017. Improving crop yield and nutrient use efficiency via biofertilization—A global meta-analysis. Frontiers in Plant Science8, 2204. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02204
43	M., Sebilo, B., Mayer, B., Nicolardot, G., Pinay, A., Mariotti, 2013. Long-term fate of nitrate fertilizer in agricultural soils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America110, 18185–18189. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1305372110
44	Z., Sha, X., Ma, J., Wang, T., Lv, Q., Li, T., Misselbrook, X., Liu, 2020. Effect of N stabilizers on fertilizer-N fate in the soil-crop system: A meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment290, 106763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.106763
45	P., Shao, T., Li, K., Dong, H., Yang, J., Sun, 2021. Microbial residues as the nexus transforming inorganic carbon to organic carbon in coastal saline soils. Soil Ecology Letters4, 328–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-021-0118-y
46	R.E., Shelton, K.L., Jacobsen, R.L., McCulley, 2018. Cover crops and fertilization alter nitrogen loss in organic and conventional conservation agriculture systems. Frontiers in Plant Science8, 2260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02260
47	M., Sihvonen, S., Pihlainen, T., Lai, T., Salo, K. Hyytiäinen, 2021. Crop production, water pollution, or climate change mitigation-Which drives socially optimal fertilization management most?. Agricultural Systems186, 102985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102985
48	H., Sun, Y., Feng, L., Xue, S., Mandal, H., Wang, W., Shi, L., Yang, 2020. Responses of ammonia volatilization from rice paddy soil to application of wood vinegar alone or combined with biochar. Chemosphere242, 125247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125247
49	R., Sun, D.D., Myrold, D., Wang, X., Guo, H., Chu, 2019a. AOA and AOB communities respond differently to changes of soil pH under long-term fertilization. Soil Ecology Letters1, 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-019-0016-8
50	X., Sun, T., Zhong, L., Zhang, K., Zhang, W., Wu, 2019b. Reducing ammonia volatilization from paddy field with rice straw derived biochar. Science of the Total Environment660, 512–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.450
51	H., Suter, S.K., Lam, C., Walker, D., Chen, 2020. Enhanced efficiency fertilisers reduce nitrous oxide emissions and improve fertiliser 15N recovery in a Southern Australian pasture. Science of the Total Environment699, 134147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134147
52	E., Teixeira, K.C., Kersebaum, A.G., Ausseil, R., Cichota, J., Guo, P., Johnstone, M., George, J., Liu, B., Malcolm, E., Khaembah, S., Meiyalaghan, K., Richards, R., Zyskowski, A., Michel, A., Sood, A., Tait, F., Ewert, 2021. Understanding spatial and temporal variability of N leaching reduction by winter cover crops under climate change. Science of the Total Environment771, 144770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144770
53	P.H., Templer, M.C., Mack, F.S., Chapin, L.M., Christenson, J.E., Compton, H.D., Crook, W.S., Currie, C.J., Curtis, D.B., Dail, C.M., D’Antonio, B.A., Emmett, H.E., Epstein, C.L., Goodale, P., Gundersen, S.E., Hobbie, K., Holland, D.U., Hooper, B.A., Hungate, S., Lamontagne, K.J., Nadelhoffer, C.W., Osenberg, S.S., Perakis, P., Schleppi, J., Schimel, I.K., Schmidt, M., Sommerkorn, J., Spoelstra, A., Tietema, W.W., Wessel, D.R., Zak, 2012. Sinks for nitrogen inputs in terrestrial ecosystems: A meta-analysis of 15N tracer field studies. Ecology93, 1816–1829. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1146.1
54	C.P., Ti, L.L., Xia, S.X., Chang, X.Y. Yan, 2019. Potential for mitigating global agricultural ammonia emission: A meta-analysis. Environmental Pollution245, 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.124
55	H., Tian, R., Xu, J.G., Canadell, R.L., Thompson, W., Winiwarter, P., Suntharalingam, E.A., Davidson, P., Ciais, R.B., Jackson, G., Janssens-Maenhout, M.J., Prather, P., Regnier, N., Pan, S., Pan, G.P., Peters, H., Shi, F.N., Tubiello, S., Zaehle, F., Zhou, A., Arneth, G., Battaglia, S., Berthet, L., Bopp, A.F., Bouwman, E.T., Buitenhuis, J., Chang, M.P., Chipperfield, S.R.S., Dangal, E., Dlugokencky, J.W., Elkins, B.D., Eyre, B., Fu, B., Hall, A., Ito, F., Joos, P.B., Krummel, A., Landolfi, G.G., Laruelle, R., Lauerwald, W., Li, S., Lienert, T., Maavara, M., MacLeod, D.B., Millet, S., Olin, P.K., Patra, R.G., Prinn, P.A., Raymond, D.J., Ruiz, G.R., van der Werf, N., Vuichard, J., Wang, R.F., Weiss, K.C., Wells, C., Wilson, J., Yang, Y., Yao, 2020. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks. Nature586, 248–256. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0
56	D., Tilman, C., Balzer, J., Hill, B.L., Befort, 2011. Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America108, 20260–20264. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116437108
57	G., Wang, X., Chen, Z., Cui, S., Yue, F., Zhang, 2014. Estimated reactive nitrogen losses for intensive maize production in China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment197, 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.07.014
58	J., Wang, X., Zhao, H., Zhang, R., Shen, 2021. The preference of maize plants for nitrate improves fertilizer N recovery efficiency in an acid soil partially because of alleviated Al toxicity. Journal of Soils and Sediments21, 3019–3033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-03007-9
59	L., Xia, S.K., Lam, B., Wolf, R., Kiese, D., Chen, K., Butterbach-Bahl, 2018. Trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration and reactive nitrogen losses under straw return in global agroecosystems. Global Change Biology24, 5919–5932. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14466
60	C., Xu, X., Han, R., Bol, P., Smith, W., Wu, F., Meng, 2017. Impacts of natural factors and farming practices on greenhouse gas emissions in the North China Plain: A meta-analysis. Ecology and Evolution7, 6702–6715. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3211
61	C., Xu, J., Wang, D., Wu, C., Li, L., Wang, C., Ji, Y., Zhang, Y., Ai, 2022. Optimizing organic amendment applications to enhance carbon sequestration and economic benefits in an infertile sandy soil. Journal of Environmental Management303, 114129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114129
62	L., Yang, X., Zhang, X., Ju, D., Wu, 2021. Oxygen-depletion by rapid ammonia oxidation regulates kinetics of N2O, NO and N2 production in an ammonium fertilised agricultural soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry163, 108460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108460
63	Z., Yao, G., Yan, X., Zheng, R., Wang, C., Liu, K., Butterbach-Bahl, 2017. Reducing N2O and NO emissions while sustaining crop productivity in a Chinese vegetable-cereal double cropping system. Environmental Pollution231, 929–941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.108
64	Y., Yin, H., Ying, Y., Xue, H., Zheng, Q., Zhang, Z., Cui, 2019. Calculating socially optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization rates for sustainable N management in China. Science of the Total Environment688, 1162–1171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.398
65	C., Zhang, R.M., Rees, X., Ju, 2021. Fate of 15N-labelled urea when applied to long-term fertilized soils of varying fertility. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems121, 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-021-10166-1
66	X., Zhang, Q., Fang, T., Zhang, W., Ma, G.L., Velthof, Y., Hou, O., Oenema, F., Zhang, 2020. Benefits and trade-offs of replacing synthetic fertilizers by animal manures in crop production in China: A meta-analysis. Global Change Biology26, 888–900. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14826
67	W., Zhao, B., Liang, X., Yang, W., Gale, J., Zhou, 2016. Effect of long-term fertilization on 15N uptake and retention in soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition39, 1431–1440. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1043740
68	R.J., Zomer, D.A., Bossio, R., Sommer, L.V., Verchot, 2017. Global sequestration potential of increased organic carbon in cropland soils. Scientific Reports7, 15554. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15794-8

[1]	SEL-00206-OF-JDW_suppl_1	Download
[2]	SEL-00206-OF-JDW_suppl_2	Download

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed