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Soil Ecology Letters

ISSN 2662-2289

ISSN 2662-2297(Online)

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Soil Ecology Letters  2019, Vol. 1 Issue (3-4): 147-156   https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-019-0010-1
  本期目录
Organic amendment effects on nematode distribution within aggregate fractions in agricultural soils
Xiaoke Zhang1(), Xia Wu1, Shixiu Zhang2, Yuehua Xing3, Wenju Liang1
1. State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
2. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
3. Environmental Resources and Agricultural Energy Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
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Abstract：

To evaluate the effect of organic amendments on soil nematode community composition and diversity within aggregate fractions, a study was initiated in agricultural soils with four-year organic amendments. Soil samples were collected from the plow layer (0–20 cm) under three cornfield management scenarios: 1) conventional cropping (CK, corn straw removal and no organic manure application); 2) straw retention (SR, incorporation of chopped corn stalk); and 3) manure application (MA, chicken manure input). The soil samples were fractionated into four aggregate sizes, i.e.,>2 mm (large macroaggregates), 1–2 mm (macroaggregates), 0.25–1 mm (small macroaggregates), and<0.25 mm (microaggregates, silt and clay fractions). The composition and diversity of soil nematode communities were determined within each aggregate fraction. The results showed that both SR and MA treatments significantly increased the percentage of macroaggregates (>1 mm) and only MA treatment strongly increased the mean weight diameter compared to the CK (P<0.05). The abundance of total nematodes and four trophic groups were affected significantly by the aggregate fractions and their higher abundance occurred in the larger aggregates. The effects of aggregate size on most nematode genera were significant. Bacterivores in the small macroaggregates and microaggregates, and fungivores in the large macroaggregates were significantly different among treatments. The percentage of bacterivores increased after the application of organic materials, while that of fungivores decreased. It can be concluded that organic management significantly affects soil aggregation and soil characteristics within aggregates, and the aggregate size subsequently influences the distribution of nematode communities.
Key words： Organic amendment    Soil aggregate fractions    Nematode communities    Macroaggregate    Microaggregate
收稿日期: 2018-06-19      出版日期: 2019-09-11
Corresponding Author(s): Xiaoke Zhang   
 引用本文:   
. [J]. Soil Ecology Letters, 2019, 1(3-4): 147-156.
Xiaoke Zhang, Xia Wu, Shixiu Zhang, Yuehua Xing, Wenju Liang. Organic amendment effects on nematode distribution within aggregate fractions in agricultural soils. Soil Ecology Letters, 2019, 1(3-4): 147-156.
 链接本文:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/CN/10.1007/s42832-019-0010-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/sel/CN/Y2019/V1/I3-4/147
Treatment Aggregate proportion in size class
(%)		 MWD
<0.25 mm 0.25-1 mm 1-2 mm >2 mm
CK 26.60 40.12 13.80 19.47 1.17
SR 23.91 36.42 17.01 22.66 1.31
MA 20.01 37.19 18.32 24.47 1.39
Tab.1  
Fig.1  
TG Nematode
family		 Treatment CK SR MA
Aggregate (mm) <0.25 0.25-1 1-2 >2 <0.25 0.25-1 1-2 >2 <0.25 0.25-1 1-2 >2
Ba Cephalobidae Acrobeles 9.7 2.6 1.2 3.1 0.0 3.8 2.0 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.6 2.9
Acrobeloides 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.8 6.3 0.0 1.6 3.3 1.7 0.3 4.5 4.8
Acrobelophis 1.5 1.7 0.6 0.0 2.3 2.9 3.3 0.0 4.4 4.5 5.4 0.0
Cephalobus 8.5 7.8 4.7 4.1 9.8 9.7 11.3 6.9 16.1 26.0 23.1 18.7
Cervidellus 1.5 5.0 4.6 3.1 2.7 1.0 1.3 0.3 2.2 10.4 1.9 0.3
Chiloplacus 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.3 0.3
Eucephalobus 5.2 0.9 0.9 2.6 1.1 1.7 0.6 4.7 0.0 0.6 1.0 2.3
Heterocephalobus 1.9 0.9 0.6 0.0 2.1 1.0 2.3 2.2 5.3 2.2 1.6 0.0
Alaimidae Alaimus 0.0 2.8 3.4 6.8 0.0 6.5 10.0 8.4 0.3 1.3 3.8 15.6
Plectidae Plectus 0.0 9.2 7.1 4.5 2.3 13.1 14.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0
Wilsonema 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Panagrolaimus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prismatolaimidae Prismatolaimus 1.5 3.3 2.5 0.8 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.6 0.0
Rhabditidae Rhabditis 7.9 5.5 2.5 1.0 17.8 7.7 3.2 2.8 34.9 23.3 14.3 12.8
Fu Aphelenchoididae Aphelenchoides 5.0 7.6 7.4 3.9 1.0 2.9 1.3 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0
Rhadinaphelenchus 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aphelenchidae Aphelenchus 4.8 6.9 8.2 4.2 10.5 2.6 5.8 2.4 3.3 2.6 1.0 2.4
Paraphelenchus 3.5 3.9 2.7 7.1 15.2 12.0 4.2 8.6 6.3 6.1 5.9 2.6
Diphtherophoridae Diphtherophora 0.0 1.4 1.6 3.2 0.0 1.3 5.1 6.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.5
Anguinidae Ditylenchus 1.3 2.4 2.4 2.2 3.4 4.2 3.9 0.6 1.5 2.3 0.6 1.0
Tylenchidae Filenchus 7.1 3.3 6.4 2.4 7.6 8.7 6.2 3.7 0.9 2.6 2.2 0.0
Leptonchidae leptonchus 8.2 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dorylaimoides 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tylencholaimus 6.3 15.5 19.2 21.6 0.6 3.6 2.3 10.1 1.3 2.3 6.7 2.9
Pp Tylenchidae Boleodorus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malenchus 1.5 5.3 2.7 10.1 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.1
Dolichodoridae Dolichorhynchus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Belondiridae Dorylaimellus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 5.2
Hoplolaimidae Helicotylenchus 3.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.6 3.3 2.3 5.1 3.0 1.6 0.6 1.0
Rotylenchus 14.6 6.3 4.9 0.9 6.7 0.6 1.6 3.1 13.4 5.0 4.8 5.5
Nordiidae Longidorella 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Criconematidae Macroposthonia 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0
Pratylenchidae Pratylenchoides 3.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 5.1 4.5 1.9 0.6 0.9 1.6 0.0 1.2
Tylenchorhynchus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Op Aporcelaimidae Aporcelaimellus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Discolaimidae Discolaimium 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.7 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6
Discolaimus 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0
Qudsianematidae Dorydorella 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.4 1.1 2.3 0.0 1.9 0.6 0.0 7.1 0.3
Microdorylaimus 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.6 0.0 1.6 4.2 3.2 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.3
Thonus 0.0 4.4 6.8 5.7 0.0 0.6 7.5 14.1 0.3 2.5 6.0 14.6
Longidoridae Longidorus 0.0 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nordiidae Thornia 0.6 0.3 0.0 1.0 2.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0
Tab.2  
Indices Treat <0.25 mm 0.25-1mm 1-2 mm >2 mm
TD CK 2.44±0.25 2.62±0.08 2.53±0.33 2.93±0.07 A
SR 2.51±0.32 2.65±0.13 2.62±0.30 3.38±0.13 A
MA 1.82±0.41 1.85±0.24 2.50±0.44 2.52±0.02 B
B B AB A
l CK 0.13±0.01 0.10±0.01 0.11±0.03 0.12±0.04 AB
SR 0.20±0.05 0.08±0.01 0.09±0.01 0.09±0.01 B
MA 0.38±0.18 0.21±0.05 0.13±0.02 0.14±0.01 A
A B B B
H' CK 2.20±0.02 2.61±0.02 2.63±0.13 2.57±0.19 A
SR 1.98±0.22 2.70±0.06 2.72±0.04 2.66±0.04 A
MA 1.61 ? 0.48 2.12±0.22 2.41±0.15 2.27±0.06 B
B A A A
MI CK 2.25±0.39 2.56±0.27 2.85±0.20 3.03±0.21 A
SR 1.88±0.23 2.33±0.13 2.57±0.06 3.07±0.18 A
MA 1.68±0.29 1.91±0.23 2.45±0.19 2.70±0.15 B
B B A A
NCR CK 0.55±0.16 0.48±0.11 0.36±0.11 0.38±0.10 C
SR 0.54±0.12 0.57±0.06 0.64±0.08 0.48±0.09 B
MA 0.83±0.09 0.81±0.07 0.78±0.06 0.85±0.01 A
A A A A
BI CK 28.45±6.90 27.56±5.59 20.60±4.14 19.40±3.42 B
SR 37.48±6.26 31.44±4.14 28.25±1.70 13.32±3.83 AB
MA 33.20±11.46 36.79±6.61 27.33±6.09 17.22±2.43 A
A A AB B
CI CK 56.71±22.11 70.43±17.67 77.08±11.46 72.55±7.03 A
SR 63.11±27.50 51.39±8.15 66.38±13.27 63.73±10.08 A
MA 22.47±15.38 31.21±22.52 19.22±10.47 17.26±8.22 B
A A A A
Tab.3  
Fig.2  
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