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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2015, Vol. 9 Issue (2) : 181-189    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0698-1
REVIEW ARTICLE
Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas
Ping NING(),Xiangyu WANG
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Abstract

Yellow phosphorous is an important raw material in the chemical industry. However, during the production of yellow phosphorous, high concentrations of carbon monoxide and other impurities are released. Without appropriate purification and removal, this off gas has potential to cause severe pollution problems once released. Purified yellow phosphorous off gas can be beneficially reused as a raw material in chemical production for synthesis of high value-added chemical reagents. In this paper, the significance of purification and reutilization of yellow phosphorous off gas are explored. The principles, processes, and main characteristics of the technologies for purification and reuse of yellow phosphorus off gas (including technical measurements of impurity reduction, relevant engineering cases, and public acceptance of the technologies) are summarized. In view of the existing problems and scientific development requirements, this paper proposes several recommendations for green production based on the concept of recycle economics. We conclude that advanced purification and comprehensive reutilization can be an effective solution for heavy pollution resulting from yellow phosphorous off gassing.
Keywords yellow phosphorous off gas      purification      comprehensive utilization     
Corresponding Author(s): Ping NING   
Online First Date: 30 April 2014    Issue Date: 13 February 2015
 Cite this article:   
Ping NING,Xiangyu WANG. Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(2): 181-189.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0698-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2015/V9/I2/181
chemical component proportion/(vol%)
CO 85–95
CO2 1–4
H2O ~ 5
H2 1–8
CH4 ~ 0.3
N2 2–5
O2 5000
H2S 800–3000
PH3 500–1300
SO2 ~100
COS ~500
CS2 ~200
Tab.1  Compositions of yellow phosphorous off gas [7]
temperature/°C phosphate content/(g?m-3)
20 0.170
25 0.287
30 0.472
35 0.572
40 0.775
44.1 1.084
Tab.2  Changes of phosphate content with different operation temperatures [10]
Fig.1  Chemicals synthesized by using purified yellow phosphorous off gas [1]
Fig.2  Schematic drawing of synthesis of formic acid by using yellow phosphorous off gas
items cost (10000 CNY)
1 engineering /including: 4977.0
(1) constructional engineering 783.0
(2) equipments 2894.5
(3) installation 1289.5
2 other expense 510.74
3 reserve fund 274.39
4 interest incurred during construction 95.80
5 current fund loan 473.57
total 6331.5
Tab.3  Total investment of the project of synthesizing 30kt methanol by using yellow phosphorous off gas [10]
items annual consumption unit price
1 yellow phosphorous off gas 9000 m3 0.10 CNY·m-3
2 sodium carbonate 45 m3 1500 CNY·t-1
3 ADA solution 150 m3 24000 CNY·t-1
4 dephosphorization catalyst 30 m3 6700 CNY·t-1
5 shifting catalyst 15 m3 11000 CNY·t-1
6 synthesis catalyst 18 m3 23000 CNY·t-1
7 electron 4800 k?W?h 0.35 CNY·(kW?h)-1
8 water 210000 m3 1.2 CNY·m-3
9 water vapor 180 kt 60 CNY·t-1
10 circulating water 6300000 m3 0.2 CNY·m-3
11 soft water 150000 m3 1 CNY·m-3
Tab.4  Total cost of materials, fuel, and energy of synthesizing 30 kiloton methanol by using yellow phosphorous off gas [10]
Fig.3  Schematic of the advanced purification of yellow phosphorous off gas. (1) Water seal; (2) vacuum pump; (3) caustic washing tower; (4) mist eliminator; (5) pump; (6) preheator; (7) reactor; (8) induced fan; (9) cooler; T - thermometer; P - pressure gauge; A - sampling; FD - feed gas; DW - drain water; ST - steam; WW - washing water; CW - cooling water; PG - product gas
Fig.4  Breakthrough curves of (a) PH3 and (b) H2S on AC modified with different impregnants
Fig.5  Purification of yellow phosphorous off gas by temperature swing adsorption and pressure swing adsorption
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