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力学基础与工程技术前沿
欧拉致德国公主的书信:关于自然哲学的不同学科(第II 卷)(英文版)
作 者:
Leonhard Euler
ISBN:978-7-04-051070-6 出版时间:2019-01-08
欧拉致德国公主的书信:关于自然哲学的不同学科(第II 卷)(英文版)
LETTER LVIII. Why Does the Magnetic Needle Affect, in Every Place of the Earth, a Certain Direction, Differing in Different Places; and for What Reason Does It Change, with Time, at the Same Place?
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前辅文
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LETTER I. Continuation of the Subject, and of Mistakes in the Knowledge of Truth.
1511
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LETTER II. First Class of Known Truths. Conviction That Things Exist Externally, Corresponding to the Ideas Represented by the Senses, Objection of the Pyrrhonists Reply.
1275
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LETTER III. Another Objection of the Pyrrhonists against the Certainty of Truths Perceived by the Senses. Reply; and Precautions for Attaining Assurance of Sensible Truths.
1547
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LETTER IV. Of Demonstrative, Physical, and Particularly of Moral Certainty.
1531
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LETTER V. Remarks that the Senses Contribute to the Increase of Knowledge; and Precautions for Acquiring the Certainty of Historical Truths.
1217
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LETTER VI. Whether the Essence of Bodies be Known by Us.
1552
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LETTER VII. The True Notion of Extension.
1259
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LETTER VIII. Divisibility of Extension in Infinitum.
1516
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LETTER IX. Whether This Divisibility in Infinitum Takes Place in Existing Bodies.
1466
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LETTER X. Of Monads.
1121
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LETTER XI. Reflections on Divisibility in Infinitum, and on Monads.
1521
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LETTER XII. Reply to the Objections of the Monadists to Divisibility in Infinitum.
1495
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LETTER XIII. Principle of the Sufficient Reason, the Strongest Support of the Monadists.
1616
0
LETTER XIV. Another Argument of the Monadists, Derived from the Principle of the Sufficient Reason. Absurdities Resulting from It.
1533
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LETTER XV. Reflections on the System of Monads.
1214
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LETTER XVI. Continuation.
1024
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LETTER XVII. Conclusion of Reflections on This System.
1616
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LETTER XVIII. Elucidation Respecting the Nature of Colours.
1603
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LETTER XIX. Reflections on the Analogy between Colours and Sounds.
1621
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LETTER XX. Continuation.
1129
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LETTER XXI. How Opaque Bodies are Rendered Visible.
1480
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LETTER XXII. The Wonders of the Human Voice.
1234
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LETTER XXIII. A Summary of the Principal Phenomena of Electricity.
1407
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LETTER XXIV. The True Principle of Nature on Which Are Founded All the Phenomena of Electricity.
1413
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LETTER XXV. Continuation. Different Nature of Bodies Relatively to Electricity.
1694
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LETTER XXVI. On the Same Subject.
1268
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LETTER XXVII. Of Positive and Negative Electricity. Explanation of the Phenomenon of Attraction.
1358
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LETTER XXVIII. On the Same Subject.
1221
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LETTER XXIX. On the Electric Atmosphere.
1175
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LETTER XXX. Communication of Electricity to a Bar of Iron, by Means of a Globe of Glass.
1414
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LETTER XXXI. Electrization of Men and Animals.
1326
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LETTER XXXII. Distinctive Character of the Two Species of Electricity.
1552
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LETTER XXXIII. How the Same Globe of Glass May Furnish at Once the Two Species of Electricity.
1376
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LETTER XXXIV. The Leyden Experiment.
1089
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LETTER XXXV. Reflections on the Cause and Nature of Electricity, and on Other Means Proper to Produce It.
1347
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LETTER XXXVI. Nature of Thunder: Explanations of the Ancient Philosophers, and of Descartes: Resemblance of the Phenomena of Thunder to Those of Electricity.
1616
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LETTER XXXVII. Explanation of the Phenomena of Lightning and Thunder.
1782
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LETTER XXXVIII. Continuation.
1088
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LETTER XXXIX. The Possibility of Preventing, and of Averting, the Effects of Thunder.
1516
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LETTER XL. On the Celebrated Problem of the Longitude: General Description of the Earth, of Its Axis, Its Two Poles, and the Equator.
1392
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LETTER XLI. Of the Magnitude of the Earth; of Meridians, and the Shortest Road from Place to Place.
1321
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LETTER XLII. Of Latitude, and Its Influence on the Seasons, and the Length of the Day.
1411
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LETTER XLIII. Of Parallels, of the First Meridian, and of Longitude.
1395
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LETTER XLIV. Choice of the First Meridian.
1219
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LETTER XLV. Method of Determining the Latitude, or the Elevation of the Pole.
1284
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LETTER XLVI. Knowledge of the Longitude, from a Calculation of the Direction, and of the Space Passed through.
1411
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LETTER XLVII. Continuation. Defects of This Method.
1310
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LETTER XLVIII. Second Method of Determining the Longitude, by Means of an Exact Timepiece.
1374
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LETTER XLIX. Continuation, and Further Elucidations.
1406
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LETTER L. Eclipses of the Moon, a Third Method of Finding the Longitude.
1507
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LETTER LI. Observation of the Eclipses of the Satellites of Jupiter, a Fourth Method of Finding the Longitude.
1526
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LETTER LII. The Motion of the Moon, a Fifth Method.
1289
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LETTER LIII. Advantages of This Last Method; Its Degree of Precision.
1690
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LETTER LIV. On the Mariner's Compass, and the Properties of the Magnetic Needle.
1418
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LETTER LV. Declination of the Compass, and Manner of Observing It.
1430
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LETTER LVI. Difference in the Declination of the Compass at the Same Place.
1623
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LETTER LVII. Chart of Declinations; Method of Employing It for the Discovery of the Longitude.
1389
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LETTER LVIII. Why Does the Magnetic Needle Affect, in Every Place of the Earth, a Certain Direction, Differing in Different Places; and for What Reason Does It Change, with Time, at the Same Place?
1268
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LETTER LIX. Elucidations Respecting the Cause and Variation of the Declination of Magnetic Needles.
1254
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LETTER LX. Inclination or Dip of Magnetic Needles.
1176
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LETTER LXI. True Magnetic Direction; Subtile Matter Which Produces the Magnetic Power.
1386
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LETTER LXII. Nature of the Magnetic Matter, and of Its Rapid Current. Magnetic Canals.
1365
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LETTER LXIII. Magnetic Vortex. Action of Magnets upon Each Other.
1366
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LETTER LXIV. Nature of Iron and Steel. Method of Communicating to Them the Magnetic Force.
1432
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LETTER LXV. Action of Loadstones on Iron. Phenomena Observable on Placing Pieces of Iron near a Loadstone.
1308
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LETTER LXVI. Arming of Loadstones.
1074
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LETTER LXVII. Action and Force of Armed Loadstones.
1243
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LETTER LXVIII. The Method of Communicating to Steel the Magnetic Force, and of Magnetizing Needles for the Compass: the Simple Touch, Its Defects; Means of Remedying These.
1256
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LETTER LXIX. On the Double Touch. Means of Preserving the Magnetic Matter in Magnetized Bars.
1311
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LETTER LXX. The Method of Communicating to Bars of Steel a Very Great Magnetic Force, by Means of Other Bars Which Have It in a Very Inferior Degree.
1131
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LETTER LXXI. Construction of Artificial Magnets in the Form of a Horse-shoe.
1438
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LETTER LXXII. On Dioptrics; Instruments Which That Science Supplies: of Telescopes and Microscopes. Different Figures Given to Glasses or Lenses.
1482
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LETTER LXXIII. Difference of Lenses with Respect to the Curve of Their Surfaces. Distribution of Lenses into Three Classes.
1441
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LETTER LXXIV. Effect of Convex Lenses.
1193
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LETTER LXXV. The Same Subject: Distance of the Focus of Convex Lenses.
1451
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LETTER LXXVI. Distance of the Image of Objects.
1296
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LETTER LXXVII. Magnitude of Images.
1162
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LETTER LXXVIII. Burning-glasses.
1827
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LETTER LXXIX. The Camera Obscura.
1224
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LETTER LXXX. Reflections on the Representation in the Camera Obscura.
1507
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LETTER LXXXI. Of the Magic Lantern, and Solar Microscope.
1481
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LETTER LXXXII. Use and Effect of a Simple Convex Lens.
1531
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LETTER LXXXIII. Use and Effect of a Concave Lens.
1283
0
LETTER LXXXIV. Of Apparent Magnitude, of the Visual Angle, and of Microscopes in General.
1431
0
LETTER LXXXV. Estimation of the Magnitude of Objects Viewed through the Microscope.
1249
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LETTER LXXXVI. Fundamental Proposition for the Construction of Simple Microscopes. Plan of Some Simple Microscopes.
1326
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LETTER LXXXVII. Limits and Defects of the Simple Microscope.
1544
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LETTER LXXXVIII. On Telescopes, and Their Effect.
1278
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LETTER LXXXIX. Of Pocket-glasses.
1147
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LETTER XC. On the Magnifying Power of Pocket-glasses.
1466
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LETTER XCI. Defects of Pocket-glasses. Of the Apparent Field.
1450
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LETTER XCII. Determination of the Apparent Field for Pocket-glasses.
1442
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LETTER XCIII. Astronomical Telescopes, and Their Magnifying Power.
1450
0
LETTER XCIV. Of the Apparent Field, and the Place of the Eye.
1471
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LETTER XCV. Determination of the Magnifying Power of Astronomical Telescopes, and the Construction of a Telescope Which Shall Magnify Objects a Given Number of Times.
1461
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LETTER XCVI. Degree of Clearness.
1110
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LETTER XCVII. Aperture of Object-glasses.
1109
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LETTER XCVIII. On Distinctness in the Expression: On the Space of Diffusion Occasioned by the Aperture of Object-glasses, and Considered as the First Source of Want of Distinctness in the Representation.
1317
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LETTER XCIX. Diminution of the Aperture of Lenses, and Other Means of Lessening the Space of Diffusion Till It Is Reduced to Nothing.
1436
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GLOSSARY
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