目的 探讨尾静脉液压法导入质粒后外源基因在大鼠牙周膜的表达情况。方法 选用24只SD大鼠, 随机分为hIL 10组与Vector组。尾静脉液压法导入质粒后, 肝脏冰冻切片及血清检查外源基因的表达。取上颌第二磨牙根分叉区牙周膜, 观察免疫组织化学法hIL 10的表达情况。结果 荧光镜下可见肝脏冰冻切片显示大量绿色荧光蛋白的表达；采用尾静脉液压法导入hIL 10质粒24h后肝脏组织中有较高的hIL 10蛋白表达。导入hIL 10质粒4h后即可在血清中检测到hIL 10表达, 8h时可达高峰。牙周膜区域未显示明显的hIL 10蛋白表达。未能检测到空载体组大鼠hIL 10蛋白的表达。结论 尾静脉液压法导入hIL 10质粒后能使外源基因在大鼠体内获得相对稳定的表达, 但在大鼠牙周膜区域未能观察到hIL 10蛋白的表达。

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of Human Interleukin 10（IL 10） gene in the periodontal ligament of rats via hydrodynamic tail vein injection.MethodsTwenty four Sprague Dawley（SD） rats were randomly divided into hIL 10 group and the vector group.After plasmid was introduced into rats via hydrodynamic tail vein injection, frozen liver sections and serum were used to detect the exogenous Human Interleukin 10 gene expression.The periodontal ligament at furcation area of maxillary second molar was taken for examination of hIL 10 expression by immunohistochemistry.Result Frozen liver sections showed a large number of bright green fluorescent proteins, and hIL 10 proteins were highly expressed in the liver 24h after injection.The expression of hIL 10 protein could be detected in serum and peaked at 8h after injection and no obvious hIL 10 expression was found in periodontal ligament in hIL 10 group.No expression of hIL 10 was detected in vector group.Conclusion A relatively stable expression of exogenous gene in liver can be obtained via hydrodynamic tail vein injection in rats；however, expression of hIL 10 protein was not found in the periodontal ligament.

目的 探讨无机三氧化聚合物（mineral trioxide aggregate, MTA）对人牙乳头干细胞（stem cells from apical papilla cells, SCAPs）早期炎性因子TNF α和IL 1表达的影响。方法 酶消化法分离培养人SCAPs, 经免疫磁珠筛选后, 采用2mg/mL MTA刺激1d、3d后, 酶联免疫吸附法（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA）检测其上清液中肿瘤坏死因子 α（tumor necrosis factor α, TNF α）、白细胞介素1（Interleukin 1, IL 1）的含量, 采用实时定量PCR（real time RT PCR）检测各组细胞TNF α、IL 1α、IL 1β基因的表达水平。结果 经MTA刺激1d和3d后, SCAPs细胞上清液中TNF α、IL 1浓度均较正常对照组低（P<001）, 细胞中TNF α、IL 1α、IL 1β基因表达亦较正常对照组低（P<0.01）。结论 MTA可抑制SCAPs早期炎性因子TNF α、IL 1的表达, 通过降低细胞的炎性因子释放来减轻组织的炎性反应。

Objective To determine the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate （MTA） on the expression of TNF α and IL 1 in human stem cells from apical papilla （SCAPs）.Methods SCAPs were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting （MACS） and cultured in α MEM medium containing 2mg/mL MTA for 1 day and 3 days.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was applied to examine the TNF α and IL 1 in the culture supernatant of SCAPs.Quantitative RT PCR was used to determine the gene expression of TNF α, IL 1α, and IL 1β in SCAPs.Results The expression levels of TNF α and IL 1 at both protein expression and mRNA transcription were inhibited （P<001） when the cells were treated with MTA.Conclusion MTA can inhibit the expression of early stage inflammatory cytokines and relieve the inflammation via reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.

帕金森病是一类以黑质多巴胺能神经元的进行性变性为特点的运动性疾病, 在以往对帕金森病的研究中, 由于缺乏对患者特异性的多巴胺能神经元的认识, 阻碍了人们对疾病机制的认识和药物的研发。诱导性多潜能干细胞的出现弥补了这一缺陷, 将人们对帕金森患者黑质多巴胺能神经元易损性和疾病的治疗研究推进到一个更崭新的发展阶段。

Parkinson's disease （PD） is a movement disorder characterized by a relatively selective degeneration of nigral dopaminergic （DA） neurons and a core set of locomotor symptoms including rest tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia.One of the greatest obstacles for PD research is the lack of live patient specific nigral DA neurons for mechanistic studies and drug disco very research.The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） has made this possible.It is transforming PD research towards the use of the human model system.It will allow us to identify the unique vulnerabilities of human midbrain DA neurons and ultimately produce a disease modifying therapy based on mechanistic understanding of PD.

分子侣伴介导的自噬（chaperone mediated autophagy, CMA）是单个可溶性蛋白在溶酶体进行选择性降解的一种自噬途径, 其特点是所要进行降解的蛋白直接穿过溶酶体膜到达溶酶体内腔进行降解, 与其他自噬途径通过囊泡介导的特点完全不同。选择性降解、底物直接转位这两大特点决定了CMA所参与的各种生理功能以及CMA障碍所引起的不同疾病。最近的研究表明, 随着年龄下降的CMA功能是多种疾病的加重因素。本文将简要综述CMA功能相关的分子机制以及通过这一途径进行的溶酶体的选择性降解相关生理的最新研究, 也将评述CMA障碍的细胞结局和CMA障碍与神经退行性病变的关系。

Chaperone mediated autophagy （CMA） is a selective lysosomal autophagy pathway for the degradation of individual cytosolic soluble proteins.It is different from other autophagic pathways due to its selectivity and distinctive mechanism by which substrates reach the lysosomal lumen.These characteristics of selective targeting and direct substrates translocation determine the contribution of CMA to different physiological functions and the type of pathological conditions associated with CMA dysfunction.Alterations in CMA have recently been shown to underlie some severe human disorders for which the decline with age in the activity of this pathway might become a major aggravating factor.In this review, we will briefly summarize recent findings on the molecular mechanisms behind CMA function, and describe the physiological relevance of the selective lysosomal degradation through this pathway.We also comment on the cellular consequences of CMA malfunction and the well established relationship between CMA dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases.

趋化因子通过与其受体结合, 募集血液循环中或局部组织中表达其相应受体的成体干细胞/前体细胞使其迁移到受损部位并调节细胞的增生和分化, 从而促进组织再生。趋化因子在原位组织工程技术中的良好前景使得相关研究不断增多。本文对原位组织工程的研究现状、趋化因子在原位组织工程技术中的作用及其应用现状与前景进行了综述和分析。

Chemokines can recruit adult stem cells/progenitor cells which express chemokine receptors in blood circulation or local tissues via combination with their related receptors.Then, these cells migrate to injury sites to modulate cell proliferation and differentiation leading to tissue regeneration.The studies about chemokines applying to in situ tissue engineering technique are increasingly popular owing to its favorable use in clinical practice.This review is meant to talk about current research status, application and future prospect of chemokines application in in situ tissue engineering technique.