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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-7505

ISSN 2095-977X(Online)

CN 10-1204/S

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2017, Vol. 4 Issue (1) : 59-68    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2017137
RESEARCH ARTICLE
CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from double-rice cropping system as affected by Chinese milk vetch and straw incorporation in southern China
Heshui XU1, Dengyun LI1, Bo ZHU2, Kai ZHANG1, Yadong YANG1, Chen WANG1, Ying JIANG1, Zhaohai ZENG1()
1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2. College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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Abstract

Chinese milk vetch (CMV) and rice straw (RS) were incorporated into soil to substitute for synthetic N fertilizers and to maintain soil fertility. However, little is known about the integrated impacts of CMV and RS incorporation on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions in double-rice cropping systems in southern China. A field experiment was conducted to estimate the integrated impacts of CMV and RS incorporation in the early- and late-rice seasons on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions. All treatments received uniform N inputs, 6%–37% of which was replaced by CMV and RS crop residue. CMV and/or RS incorporation produced equivalent or slightly more grain yield, while reducing N 2 O emissions by 3%–43%. However, both CMV and RS incorporation increased CH 4 emissions. Annual CH 4 emissions ranged from 321 to 614 kg·hm − 2 from CMV and RS amendment treatments, which were 1.5–2.9 times higher than that from synthetic N. Compared with single synthetic N fertilizer, incorporation of CMV and/or RS increased GWP and yield-scaled GWP by 45%–164% and 45%–153%, respectively. Our results demonstrate CMV and RS amendments replacing N fertilizer, maintained stable yield, mitigated N 2 O emission, but enhanced CH 4 emission. Further study is needed on crop residue management in double-cropping rice systems.

Keywords Chinese milk vetch      CH 4       double-rice cropping system      grain yield      N 2 O      rice straw     
Corresponding Author(s): Zhaohai ZENG   
Just Accepted Date: 21 February 2017   Online First Date: 17 March 2017    Issue Date: 06 March 2017
 Cite this article:   
Heshui XU,Dengyun LI,Bo ZHU, et al. CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from double-rice cropping system as affected by Chinese milk vetch and straw incorporation in southern China[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2017, 4(1): 59-68.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2017137
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2017/V4/I1/59
Fig.1  Daily air temperature and precipitation during Date double-rice growing season from April to late October in 2013.
Season Treatment a Crop residue N content/% Incorporated amount
/(kg·hm - 2 ) 		N rate
/(kg·hm - 2 ) 		Urea-N
/(kg·hm - 2 ) 		Total N
/(kg·hm - 2 ) 		Percentage/%
Early rice T1 CMV 0.4 15000 60 140 200 30
T2 22500 90 110 200 45
T3 30000 120 80 200 60
CF – – – 200 200 –
Late rice S2T1 RS 1.04 3000 31 169 200 16
S2T2 1.09 3000 33 167 200 17
S2T3 0.89 3000 27 172 200 14
S2CF 0.77 3000 23 177 200 12
S0T1 – – – 200 200 –
S0T2 – – – 200 200 –
S0T3 – – – 200 200 –
S0CF – – – 200 200 –
Tab.1  N contribution from Chinese milk vetch (CMV) and rice straw (RS) incorporation
Fig.2  Temporal variations of CH 4 flux from paddy soils under different treatments during the early-rice (a) and late-rice (b.c)growing season in double-rice cropping system. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of the means. See Table 1 for treatment codes.
Fig.3  Temporal variations of N 2 O flux from paddy soils under different treatments during the early-rice (a) and late-rice (b, c) growing season in the double-rice cropping system. Error bars indicates the standard deviation of the means. See Table 1 for treatment codes.
Early-rice season Late-rice season Double rice system
Treatment CH 4 /(kg·hm - 2 ) N 2 O/(kg·hm - 2 ) Treatment CH 4 /(kg·hm - 2 ) N 2 O/(kg·hm - 2 ) CH 4 /(kg·hm - 2 ) N 2 O/(kg·hm - 2 )
T1 227.7 b 0.75 b S2T1 322 a 0.85 de 550 ab 1.60 c
S0T1 191 bc 1.13 bc 419 d 1.88 ab
T2 251.9 ab 0.52 c S2T2 351 a 0.65 de 603 a 1.18 d
S0T2 208 bc 1.21 b 460 dc 1.73 bc
T3 279.5 a 0.41 c S2T3 335 a 0.76 de 614 a 1.17 d
S0T3 224 b 1.59 a 504 bc 2.00 a
CF 76.1 c 0.99 a S2CF 245 b 0.95 cd 321 e 1.94 ab
S0CF 137 c 1.08 bc 214 f 2.07 a
Tab.2  Seasonal emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O from a double-rice cropping system with different amounts of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) and/or rice straw (RS) treatments with fertilizer
Early-rice season Late-rice season Double rice system
Treatment Grain yield/(Mg·hm - 2 ) Treatment Grain yield/(Mg·hm - 2 ) Grain yield/(Mg·hm - 2 )
1 5.65 a S2T1 7.93 bc 13.6 ab
S0T1 7.88 c 13.5 b
T2 5.57 ab S2T2 8.16 a 13.7 a
S0T2 8.11 ab 13.7 ab
T2 5.41 b S2T3 7.77 cd 13.2 c
S0T3 7.72 cde 13.1 c
CF 5.07 c S2CF 7.59 de 12.7 d
S0CF 7.54 e 12.6 d
Tab.3  Rice grain yields in a double rice cropping system
Treatment CH 4 N 2 O Total GWP CO 2 -eq CO 2
(Mg·hm - 2 CO 2 -eq) 		Yield-scaled GWP (Mg CO 2 -eq per Mg grain yield)
CO 2 -eq CO 2
(Mg·hm - 2 CO 2 -eq) 		Percentage/% CO 2 -eq CO 2
(Mg·hm - 2 CO 2 -eq) 		Percentage/%
T1+ S2T1 13.7 ab 96.6 b 0.48 c 3.4 d 14.20 ab 1.05 b
T1+ S0T1 10.5 d 94.9 c 0.56 ab 5.1 c 11.00 d 0.81 de
T2+ S2T2 15.1 a 97.7 a 0.35 d 2.3 e 15.40 a 1.12 ab
T2+ S0T2 11.5 cd 95.7 bc 0.52 bc 4.3 cd 12.00 cd 0.88 cd
T3+ S2T3 15.4 a 97.8 a 0.35 d 2.2 e 15.70 a 1.19 a
T2+ S0T3 12.6 bc 95.5 c 0.60 a 4.5 c 13.20 bc 1.00 bc
CF+ S2CF 8.0 e 93.3 d 0.58 ab 6.7 b 8.60 e 0.68 e
CF+ S0CF 5.3 f 89.5 e 0.62 a 10.5 a 5.95 f 0.47 f
Tab.4  GWP over the 100 year horizon and yield-scaled GWP from rice system under different treatments
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