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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2017, Vol. 4 Issue (2) : 155-164    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2017148
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different irrigation rates in an arid region
Shasha JI1, Ling TONG1(), Fusheng LI2, Hongna LU1, Sien LI1, Taisheng DU1, Youjie WU1
1. Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
2. College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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Abstract

Antitranspirants are exogenous substances applied to leaves to reduce luxury transpiration by regulating stomatal conductance to increase water use efficiency (WUE). A cheap and environmentally-friendly antitranspirant, FZ, was newly developed, extracted mainly from Alhagi sparsifolia. Its effects on soybean water use were investigated in a field experiment using the locally-used irrigation rate and a low irrigation rate (The lower and upper limit of irrigation is 40%–70% of field capacity). Foliar application of FZ and measurement of leaf physiological characteristics, final biomass, seed yield and water use efficiency were carried out during the pod bearing and pod filling stages of drip-irrigated soybean with film-mulching. Under the low irrigation rate, leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased significantly by 7 d after spraying, but photosynthesis (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEin) were not significantly affec ted. The stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture, gs, Tr and Pn decreased by 1 d after spraying, without significantly increasing WUEin. However, applying FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages did not significantly affect the final biomass, water consumption, seed yield and WUE of soybean. Under the locally-used irrigation rate, applying FZ increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves by 38% and 33%, respectively, but did not significantly affect gs, Tr, Pn, stomatal aperture and stomatal frequency. Applying FZ three times during pod bearing and pod filling stages enhanced seed yield and WUE by 24% and 21%, respectively, but did not significantly affect the final biomass and water consumption. Therefore, seed yield and WUE of soybean were significantly increased by foliar application of FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages under the locally-used irrigation rate in arid region, but applying FZ did not have a positive effect on water use efficiency of soybean under a low irrigation rate.
Keywords antitranspirant      soybean      water deficit      leaf gas exchange      enzymes activities      water consumption      seed yield     
Corresponding Author(s): Ling TONG   
Just Accepted Date: 16 March 2017   Online First Date: 06 April 2017    Issue Date: 07 June 2017
 Cite this article:   
Shasha JI,Ling TONG,Fusheng LI, et al. Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different irrigation rates in an arid region[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2017, 4(2): 155-164.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2017148
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2017/V4/I2/155
IngredientContent
Potassium/(mg·g-1)70.6
Nitrogen/(mg·g-1)4.2
Phosphorus/(mg·g-1)0.13
Calcium/(mg·g-1)60
Glycinebetaine/(mg·mL-1)9.2
Proline/(mg·mL-1)0.5
Abscisic acid/(mg·mL-1)2.25
Tab.1  The main constituents of FZ
TreatmentVegetative growth stageReproductive growth stage
Establishment (05/12–05/21)Branching (05/21–06/26)Flowering (06/26–07/21)Pod bearing (07/21–08/08)Pod filling (08/08–09/02)Maturity (09/02–09/18)
W2–35455050–
W1–50757075–
Tab.2  Irrigation amount at different growth stages of soybean (mm)
Fig.1  Effect of foliar application of antitranspirant, FZ, during pod bearing stage on leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) (a) and peroxidase (POD) (b) activities of soybean under different irrigation rates. W1, locally-used irrigation rate; W2, low irrigation rate; CK, water; different letters above the columns indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.
Fig.2  Effect of foliar application of antitranspirant, FZ, at different growth stages on leaf stomatal conductance (gs) (a), photosynthetic rate (Pn) (b), transpiration rate (Tr) (c), and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEin) (d) of soybean by 1 d after spraying. W1, locally-used irrigation rate; W2, low irrigation rate; CK, water.
Fig.3  Effect of foliar application of antitranspirant, FZ, at the pod bearing stage on leaf stomatal conductance (gs) (a), photosynthetic rate (Pn) (b), transpiration rate (Tr) (c), and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEin) (d) of soybean at different times after spraying. W1, locally-used irrigation rate; W2, low irrigation rate; CK, water.
Fig.4  Representative biomicroscope images of abaxial side of soybean leaves for different treatments. (a) W1-CK; (b) W1-FZ; (c) W2-CK; (d) W2-FZ. W1, locally-used irrigation rate; W2, low irrigation rate; CK, water; FZ, antitranspirant.
Fig.5  Effect of foliar application of antitranspirant, FZ, at the early pod filling stage on leaf stomatal aperture (a) and frequency (b) for soybean under different irrigation rates. W1, locally-used irrigation rate; W2, low irrigation rate; CK, water.
Irrigation rateTreatmentFinal biomass per plant/gSeed yield /(t·hm-2)Harvest index/%Water consumption/mmWUE /(kg·m-3)
W1CK60.79±2.90 a3.02±0.32 b32.53±1.31 c386.38±29.39 a0.79±0.12 b
FZ67.09±12.57 a3.70±0.09 a36.13±0.04 b384.92±0.43 a0.96±0.02 a
W2CK48.42±5.67 b2.69±0.26 b39.05±1.60 a287.74±11.04 b0.93±0.07 ab
FZ48.34±9.74 b2.59±0.11 b39.85±1.12 a298.82±14.38 b0.87±0.07 ab
Significance test
Irrigation rate**********
FZNSNS*NSNS
Irrigation rate * FZNS*NSNS*
Tab.3  Effect of foliar application of antitranspirant, FZ, on final biomass, seed yield, harvest index, water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE) of soybean under different irrigation rates
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