Droplet spectra and high-speed wind tunnel evaluation of air induction nozzles

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2017169

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2018, Vol. 5

Issue (4) : 442-454 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2017169

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Droplet spectra and high-speed wind tunnel evaluation of air induction nozzles

Qing TANG^1,^2,³, Liping CHEN^1,^2,³(

), Ruirui ZHANG^1,^2,³, Min XU^1,^2,³, Gang XU^1,^2,³, Tongchuan YI^1,^2,³, Bin ZHANG^1,^2,³

¹. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
². National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
³. Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China

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Abstract

A series of air induction nozzles were tested in a high-speed wind tunnel. Droplet size spectra were measured for four air induction nozzles (IDK-120-01, IDK-120-02, IDK-120-03 and IDK-120-04) each at three spray pressures (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa) and seven different air velocities (121.7, 153.4, 185.5, 218.4, 253.5, 277.5 and 305.5 km·h⁻¹). The measurement distance (0.15, 0.25 and 0.35 m) from the nozzle orifice was found to be important for the atomization of the droplets. The response surface method was used to analyze the experimental data. The results indicated that Dv_0.1 and Dv_0.5 of the droplets decreased quasi-linearly with increased wind speed, while Dv_0.9 was affected by the quadratic of wind speed. Dv_0.1, Dv_0.5 and Dv_0.9 of the droplets were all proportional to the orifice size, and were not markedly influenced by the spray pressure. The percentage of the spray volume consisting of droplets with a diameter below 100 mm (%<100 mm) was found to be quadratically related to wind speed, and was not markedly influenced by the spray pressure and orifice size. However, the effect of the orifice size on the %< 200 mm could not be ignored.

Keywords air induction nozzle wind tunnel aerial spray droplet size spectra

Corresponding Author(s): Liping CHEN

Just Accepted Date: 30 October 2017 Online First Date: 14 November 2017 Issue Date: 19 November 2018

Cite this article:

Qing TANG,Liping CHEN,Ruirui ZHANG, et al. Droplet spectra and high-speed wind tunnel evaluation of air induction nozzles[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2018, 5(4): 442-454.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2017169
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2018/V5/I4/442

Fig.1 The IDK nozzles with different orifice sizes

Tab.1 The flow rate of the nozzles at different spray pressures

Fig.2 Structure diagram of the IEA-I high-speed wind tunnel^[²⁶^]. 1, Adapter; 2, shock absorber; 3, diffuser; 4, settling chamber 5, contraction section; 6, rail; 7, honey comb; 8, fixed support; 9, Screen meshes.

Tab.2 Parameters of the IEA-I high-speed wind tunnel.

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the spray control system

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the spray measurement from the leeward view

Tab.3 Droplet size data measured using the Malvern laser diffraction system for IDK120-03 nozzle operating at 0.4 MPa

Fig.5 Dv_0.5 (a), RS (b), Dv_0.1 (c), Dv_0.9 (d), %<100 mm (e) and %<200 mm (f) measured at 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35 m from the nozzle orifice

Spray pressure/MPa	Nozzle type	Wind speed/(km·h⁻¹)	Dv_0.5/mm	Dv_0.1/mm	Dv_0.9/mm	RS	%<100 mm	%<200 mm
0.3	IDK-120-01	121.7	414.2	205.7	728.7	1.263	1.53	9.193
		153.4	373.6	185.6	687.0	1.343	1.97	12.51
		185.5	315.8	159.2	603.3	1.406	2.68	19.36
		218.4	255.2	131.6	471.9	1.334	4.32	31.43
		253.5	209.0	107.2	375.0	1.282	8.12	46.44
		277.5	175.3	88.5	317.5	1.307	14.16	60.61
		305.5	151.4	76.4	285.5	1.381	21.17	71.09
	IDK-120-02	121.7	408.2	204.3	722.4	1.270	1.48	9.37
		153.4	375.6	185.3	690.5	1.345	1.92	12.52
		185.5	322.9	160.4	618.7	1.419	2.69	18.69
		218.4	265.2	135.8	498.7	1.369	3.92	29.03
		253.5	214.2	106.8	393.3	1.337	8.27	44.66
		277.5	178.7	87.9	330.5	1.357	14.16	58.78
		305.5	154.1	74.3	306.0	1.504	21.43	68.90
	IDK-120-03	121.7	442.9	233.7	746.4	1.158	0.99	5.73
		153.4	408.1	203.3	723.6	1.275	1.71	9.52
		185.5	350.7	169.8	666.7	1.417	2.42	15.83
		218.4	280.4	136.9	552.8	1.483	4.07	26.89
		253.5	221.3	107.9	419.6	1.408	8.07	42.46
		277.5	181.9	87.4	338.0	1.378	14.25	57.18
		305.5	152.8	71.5	286.3	1.406	22.44	69.73
	IDK-120-04	121.7	471.6	257.9	767.5	1.081	0.87	3.74
		153.4	434.1	221.7	743.8	1.203	1.49	7.23
		185.5	367.9	181.4	682.2	1.362	2.17	13.29
		218.4	293.8	144.1	574.2	1.464	3.67	23.98
		253.5	234.4	114.3	451.1	1.437	6.95	38.30
		277.5	190.6	92.1	359.5	1.404	12.43	53.68
		305.5	160.5	76.7	308.2	1.443	19.60	66.30
0.4	IDK-120-01	121.7	383.1	186.6	703.0	1.348	1.47	12.30
		153.4	350.3	171.9	663.9	1.405	1.84	15.59
		185.5	303.5	153.6	583.5	1.417	2.50	21.49
		218.4	251.7	129.6	472.6	1.363	4.24	32.62
		253.5	208.2	105.0	384.0	1.341	8.64	46.88
		277.5	177.3	90.3	325.0	1.324	13.59	59.52
		305.5	151.2	75.7	283.1	1.372	21.59	71.04
	IDK-120-02	121.7	389.9	196.6	704.3	1.306	1.519	10.81
		153.4	359.2	177.0	671.6	1.377	2.01	14.28
		185.5	317.2	157.0	611.4	1.433	2.74	19.74
		218.4	263.4	132.0	500.7	1.401	4.46	29.97
		253.5	215.7	108.0	395.4	1.332	8.01	44.11
		277.5	180.4	89.2	330.1	1.336	13.69	58.14
		305.5	153.8	74.8	287.7	1.385	21.17	69.81
	IDK-120-03	121.7	424.3	213.3	737.0	1.234	1.49	8.19
		153.4	397.5	195.0	714.6	1.307	1.79	10.76
		185.5	348.6	168.5	663.5	1.420	2.47	16.09
		218.4	282.4	136.1	558.2	1.495	4.35	26.69
		253.5	225.8	110.1	428.3	1.410	7.69	40.96
		277.5	184.7	87.9	343.0	1.381	13.85	56.05
		305.5	154.9	72.6	290.3	1.405	21.69	68.87
	IDK-120-04	121.7	445.3	235.3	749.2	1.155	1.09	5.66
		153.4	414.5	209.0	727.0	1.249	1.51	8.67
		185.5	360.8	178.7	672.5	1.369	2.15	13.93
		218.4	290.2	143.6	560.3	1.436	3.70	24.38
		253.5	230.9	114.1	428.1	1.360	6.97	39.08
		277.5	190.4	95.2	349.4	1.343	11.96	53.86
		305.5	160.1	77.0	295.9	1.368	19.46	66.95
0.5	IDK-120-01	121.7	361.8	173.6	683.0	1.408	1.85	14.94
		153.4	330.0	161.2	634.1	1.433	2.50	18.25
		185.5	289.2	145.2	554.0	1.414	3.29	24.25
		218.4	248.9	128.6	465.9	1.356	4.23	33.39
		253.5	207.8	108.0	375.2	1.286	7.76	46.93
		277.5	176.6	90.2	320.8	1.307	13.66	59.96
		305.5	151.6	76.6	282.2	1.356	21.21	71.00
	IDK-120-02	121.7	367.2	182.4	680.9	1.358	1.70	13.19
		153.4	348.4	170.3	659.9	1.406	2.20	15.80
		185.5	314.8	154.1	612.2	1.456	2.88	20.49
		218.4	269.6	132.5	530.4	1.476	4.35	29.12
		253.5	220.3	109.2	413.9	1.383	7.76	42.64
		277.5	184.6	90.6	347.3	1.390	13.10	56.15
		305.5	157.6	76.3	308.2	1.472	20.27	67.43
	IDK-120-03	121.7	423.2	210.3	736.3	1.243	1.83	8.64
		153.4	403.5	196.8	720.3	1.298	2.03	10.47
		185.5	359.5	169.2	679.1	1.418	2.88	15.50
		218.4	295.2	136.9	591.6	1.540	4.55	25.09
		253.5	233.1	108.9	460.4	1.509	8.02	39.22
		277.5	185.8	85.9	353.4	1.440	14.48	55.41
		305.5	154.2	71.2	293.8	1.440	22.44	68.73
	IDK-120-04	121.7	429.2	222.3	736.3	1.198	0.99	6.96
		153.4	409.2	206.8	720.6	1.408	1.85	14.94
		185.5	364.0	175.2	684.8	1.433	2.50	18.25
		218.4	300.2	144.9	597.9	1.414	3.29	24.25
		253.5	236.1	116.2	447.4	1.356	4.23	33.39
		277.5	193.2	93.8	357.4	1.286	7.76	46.93
		305.5	162.0	77.6	300.1	1.307	13.66	59.96

Tab.4 Droplet sizes data measured using Malvern laser diffraction system at 0.35 m

Tab.5 Coefficients of the response surface equations for IDK nozzle

Fig.6 3D response surface of Dv_0.5 related to the wind speed and orifice size (a) and the effect of the spray pressure and wind speed on Dv_0.5 (b)

Fig.7 3D response surface of Dv_0.1 related to the wind speed and orifice size (a) and the effect of the spray pressure and wind speed on Dv_0.1 (b)

Fig.8 3D response surface of Dv_0.9 related to the wind speed and orifice size (a) and the effect of the spray pressure and wind speed on Dv_0.9 (b)

Fig.9 The 3D response surface of the %<100 mm related to the wind speed and orifice size (a) and the effect of the spray pressure and wind speed on the %<100 mm (b)

Fig.10 The 3D response surface of the %<200 mm related to the wind speed and orifice size (a) and the effect of the spray pressure and wind speed on the %<200 mm (b)

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