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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-7505

ISSN 2095-977X(Online)

CN 10-1204/S

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2019, Vol. 6 Issue (4) : 380-387    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2019276
REVIEW
Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets
Qiugang MA1, Markus RODEHUTSCORD2(), Moritz NOVOTNY2, Lan LI1, Luqing YANG1
1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2. Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract

Maize grain is primarily used as an energy source for poultry and other animals. Maize has relatively high phytate-P content and very low intrinsic phytase activity. Given that feed phosphates are produced from finite rock phosphate resources, a reduction in the use of feed phosphates in maize-based diets by increasing the utilization of plant P sources by animals is necessary to make poultry meat and egg production more sustainable. The utilization of P by poultry is affected by two intrinsic characteristics of maize: the concentration of inositol phosphates and the activity of the intrinsic phytase of the grain in the digestive tract. The objective of this review is to present data on the variation that exists in composition of maize relevant for P use and to address factors that influence P utilization in maize-based diets of poultry. Broiler chickens and laying hens have the potential to degrade phytate in the gastrointestinal tract, but this is depressed by high dietary Ca and P concentrations. Published values of phytate degradation in broilers are overall higher than those in laying hens. Differences also exist between broiler chickens and growing turkeys and Pekin ducks. The exogenous supplementation of microbial phytases and the introduction of transgenic high phytase maize in poultry diets are efficient not only for the improvement of phytate-P digestibility, production performance, egg quality and bone mineralization, but also for the reduction of P excreta to control environmental impact.
Keywords broiler      ducks      high phytase maize      laying hens      low phytate maize      phytase      turkeys     
Corresponding Author(s): Markus RODEHUTSCORD   
Just Accepted Date: 01 August 2019   Online First Date: 23 September 2019    Issue Date: 29 November 2019
 Cite this article:   
Qiugang MA,Markus RODEHUTSCORD,Moritz NOVOTNY, et al. Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2019, 6(4): 380-387.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2019276
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2019/V6/I4/380
Fig.1  Relationship between concentrations of total P and InsP6-P in 27 maize samples that comprised common hybrids as well as specialty maize with high oil content. Data from Rodehutscord et al.[2].
Fig.2  Relationship between concentrations of crude protein, total P and InsP6-P in the 27 maize hybrids of the GrainUp project. Data from Rodehutscord et al.[2].
Fig.3  Disappearance of total P and InsP6-P by the end of the ileum in broiler chickens fed maize-based diets containing maize genotypes with different concentrations of InsP6-P, crude fat and intrinsic phytase activity. Data from Ingelmann et al.[32].
Fig.4  Degradation rate (%) of phytate P in digesta of laying hens fed with or without added phytase from various sources. NC= negative control diet; TCDP500 = transgenic maize-derived phytase at 500 FTU·kg−1 of diet; PA500 = commercial phytase source A (Natuphos, BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany) at 500 FTU·kg−1 of diet; PB500 = commercial phytase source B (Phyzyme, Danisco Animal Nutrition, Carol Stream, IL, USA) at 500 FTU·kg−1 of diet; TCDP5000 = transgenic maize-derived phytase at 5000 FTU·kg−1 of diet; PA5000 = commercial phytase source A at 5000 FTU·kg−1 of diet; PB5000 = commercial phytase source B at 5000 FTU·kg−1 of diet. One phytase activity unit (FTU) is defined as the quantity of enzyme that releases 1 mmol of inorganic P per minute from 1.5 mmol·L−1 sodium phytate at pH 5.5 at 37°C. Reprinted from Gao et al.[42], with permission from Oxford University Press.
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