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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-7505

ISSN 2095-977X(Online)

CN 10-1204/S

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2019, Vol. 6 Issue (4) : 431-440    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2019279
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Comparison of analytical procedures for measuring phosphorus content of animal manures in China
Guohua LI1, Qian LIU2, Haigang LI1,2(), Fusuo ZHANG1
1. Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security (CREFS), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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Abstract

The concentration and components of manure phosphorus (P) are key factors determining potential P bioavailability and runoff. The distribution of P forms in swine, poultry and cattle manures collected from intensive and extensive production systems in several areas of China was investigated with sequential fractionation and a simplified two-step (NaHCO3-NaOH/EDTA) procedures. The mean total P concentration, determined by the sequential fractionation procedure of intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure, expressed as g·kg−1, was 14.9, 13.4 and 5.8 g·kg−1, respectively, and 4.4 g·kg−1 in extensive cattle manure. In intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure about 73%, 74% and 79% of total P, respectively, was bioavailable (i.e., P extracted by H2O and NaHCO3) and 78% in extensive cattle manure. The results indicated the relative environmental risk, from high to low, of swine, poultry and cattle manure. There is considerable regional variation in animal manure P across China, which needs to be considered when developing manure management strategies.
Keywords diet phosphorus      manure phosphorus      sequential P fractionation     
Corresponding Author(s): Haigang LI   
Just Accepted Date: 27 August 2019   Online First Date: 16 October 2019    Issue Date: 29 November 2019
 Cite this article:   
Guohua LI,Qian LIU,Haigang LI, et al. Comparison of analytical procedures for measuring phosphorus content of animal manures in China[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2019, 6(4): 431-440.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2019279
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2019/V6/I4/431
Area Site Types of farms Number of animals (age)
Calf Adult cattle Milk cow
Inner Mongolia Hohhot-farm 1 Intensive 200 (10–12 months) 0 80 (2 years)
Hohhot-farm 2 200 (10–12 months) 0 400 (2 years)
Hohhot-farm 3 200 (10–12 months) 0 50 (2 years)
Hohhot-farm 4 Extensive 0 7 (18–20 months) 0
Hohhot-farm 5 0 8 (18–20 months) 0
Hohhot-farm 6 0 5 (18–20 months) 0
Hohhot-farm 7 0 7 (18–20 months) 0
Shandong Tai'an-farm 1 Intensive 150 (18–20 months) 0 60 (2 years)
Tai'an-farm 2 Extensive 0 6 (18–20 months) 0
Tai'an-farm 3 0 7 (18–20 months) 0
Piglet Porker Sow
Beijing Shunyi District Intensive 2000 (1 months) 4000 (6 months) 2500 (1–2 years)
Hebei Quzhou County Intensive 70 (2 months) 0 35 (1–2 years)
Shandong Jining-farm 1 Intensive 50 (2 months) 50 (6 months) 16 (1–2 years)
Jining-farm 2 50 (3 months) 30 (8 months) 21 (2 years)
Jining-farm 3 65 (3 months) 0 43 (2 years)
Chicken Chicken Chicken
Hebei Quzhou county Intensive 6000 (110 days) 0 5500 (500 days)
Shandong Jining-farm4 Intensive 4000 (40 days) 3700 (130 days) 3500 (500 days)
Jining-farm5 5500 (70 days) 0 5000 (450 days)
Tab.1  Detailed information of the animal farms
Fig.1  Box plot showing the range in the concentration of dietary P concentration (g·kg−1 DM) for different animals. In plots, the horizontal bars represent the 10th and 90th percentiles, the outer edges of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the vertical line and the plus symbol within the boxes represent the medians and means. Circles indicate outliers and n is number of the samples.
Fig.2  Relationship between dietary P concentration for intensive swine (a), poultry (b) and cattle (c) and total manure P concentration.
Fig.3  Box plots showing the range in the concentration of P in the fractions extracted from intensive swine (a), poultry (b) and cattle (c) manures and extensive cattle manure (d), respectively, by the sequential procedure. The manures were collected from Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei and Shandong. The vertical bars represent the 10th and 90th percentiles, the outer edges of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the horizontal line and the plus symbol within the boxes represent the medians and means. Circles indicate outliers and n is the number of samples.
Fig.4  Box plots showing the range in the concentration of P in the fractions extracted from intensive swine (a), poultry (b) and cattle (c) manures by the two-step fractionation (NaHCO3-NaOH/EDTA). The manures were collected from Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei and Shandong. In the plots, the vertical bars represent the 10th and 90th percentiles, the outer edges of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the horizontal line and the plus symbol within the boxes represent the medians and means. Circles indicate outliers and n is the number of samples.
Procedure Cattle Poultry Swine
Sequential fractionation 5.80±1.06 b 13.40±2.21 a 14.85±5.75 a
NaHCO3-NaOH/EDTA 6.76±1.27 b 16.26±2.12 a 16.98±6.77 a
Tab.2  Total phosphorus concentration in animal manures (g·kg−1 DM)
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