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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2020, Vol. 7 Issue (4) : 455-466    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2020354
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Symbiotic performance, shoot biomass and water-use efficiency of three groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes in response to phosphorus supply under field conditions in Ethiopia
Sofiya K. MUHABA1,2, Felix D. DAKORA3()
1. Department of Soil Fertility and Health Management, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, PO Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
2. Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
3. Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, Private Bag X680, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Abstract

Phosphorus is a key nutrient element involved in energy transfer for cellular metabolism, respiration and photosynthesis and its supply at low levels can affect legume nodulation, N2 fixation, and C assimilation. A two-year field study was conducted in Ethiopia in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the effects of P supply on growth, symbiotic N2 nutrition, grain yield and water-use efficiency of three groundnut genotypes. Supplying P to the genotypes significantly increased their shoot biomass, symbiotic performance, grain yield, and C accumulation. There was, however, no effect on shoot δ13C values in either year. Compared to the zero-P control, supplying 40 kg·ha−1 P markedly increased shoot biomass by 77% and 66% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In both years, groundnut grain yields were much higher at 20 and 30 kg·ha−1 P. Phosphorus supply markedly reduced shoot δ15N values and increased the %Ndfa and amount of N-fixed, indicating the direct involvement of P in promoting N2 fixation in nodulated groundnut. The three genotypes differed significantly in δ15N, %Ndfa, N-fixed, grain yield, C concentration, and δ13C. The phosphorus × genotype interaction was also significant for shoot DM, N content, N-fixed and soil N uptake.
Keywords shoot yield      N-fixed      %Ndfa      δ15N      δ13C      water-use efficiency     
Corresponding Author(s): Felix D. DAKORA   
Just Accepted Date: 30 June 2020   Online First Date: 24 July 2020    Issue Date: 06 November 2020
 Cite this article:   
Sofiya K. MUHABA,Felix D. DAKORA. Symbiotic performance, shoot biomass and water-use efficiency of three groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes in response to phosphorus supply under field conditions in Ethiopia[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2020, 7(4): 455-466.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2020354
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2020/V7/I4/455
Year Texture pH Total N Available P OC CEC Exchangeable cations/(mg·kg−1)
H2O mg·kg−1 mg·kg−1 % Cmol(+)·kg−1 Na K Ca Mg
2012 Clay 7.00 1100 16.00 1.63 53.90 20.70 327.60 8080.0 1074.00
2013 Clay 6.96 700 14.88 1.44 56.66 35.65 598.65 5929.4 1086.72
Tab.1  Physicochemical properties of soils at Bedeno in north-east Ethiopia
2012 2013
Species δ15N/% Species δ15N/%
Amaranthus hybridus 6.63 Commelino benghalensis 10.00
Argemone mexicana 7.24 Cyperus esculentus 11.74
Brassica oleracea 8.76 Datura stramonium 6.83
Eragrostis tef 5.99 Eragrostis tef 6.65
Galinsoga parviflora 6.91 Malva verticilata 9.63
Guizotia abyssinica 6.72 Parthenium hyterophorus 9.44
Parthenium hysterophorus 6.86 Setaria pumila 7.01
Portulaca oleracea 7.47 Solanum nigrum 7.12
Solanum nigrum 6.97 Sorghum bicolor 11.61
Sorghum bicolor 5.01 Xanthium strumarium 8.66
Xanthium strumarium 7.60 Zea mays 8.63
Zea mays 4.70 Mean 9.06±0.582
Mean 6.74±0.319
Tab.2  d15N values of reference plants sampled in 2012 and 2013 to determine N2 fixation by groundnut at Bedeno, Ethiopia
Treatment Shoot DM Pod number Grain yield N N content δ15N Ndfa N-fixed Soil N uptake
g·plant−1 plant−1 kg·ha−1 % g·plant-1 % % kg·ha−1 kg·ha−1
Added P/(kg·ha−1)
0 39.8e 18.5d 1173b 3.5b 1.4e 3.20a 38d 88e 145d
10 51.9d 22.0c 1365a 3.6ab 1.9d 3.01ab 40cd 123d 188c
20 59.6c 24.3b 1478a 3.6ab 2.1c 2.83bc 41bc 146c 207bc
30 64.3b 26.6a 1438a 3.6ab 2.3b 2.65c 43b 167b 219ab
40 70.6a 25.6b 1397a 3.7a 2.6a 2.33d 47a 202a 230a
Genotype
Roba 59.3a 24.2a 1431a 3.6a 2.1a 2.66b 43a 156a 200a
Werer-961 56.1a 22.9a 1379ab 3.6a 2.0a 2.78b 42a 143b 195a
Werer-962 56.3a 23.0a 1301b 3.6a 2.0a 2.96a 40b 137b 198a
Two-way ANOVA
F-Statistics
Phosphorus (P) 52.73*** 16.77*** 5.43** 1.66* 47.80*** 18.67*** 18.66*** 76.45*** 20.78***
Genotype (G) 1.92ns 1.44ns 2.77* 0.87ns 1.89ns 6.29** 6.31** 6.70** 0.21ns
P×G 3.24** 1.83ns 1.17ns 1.09ns 3.15** 0.83ns 0.83ns 3.18** 2.32*
CV/% 9.92 11.66 12.85 4.25 11.00 9.59 6.84 11.72 12.74
Tab.3  Shoot biomass, grain yield and symbiotic performance of three groundnut genotypes supplied with P and planted at Bedeno in north-east Ethiopia, in 2012
Treatment Shoot DM Pod number Grain yield N N content δ15N Ndfa N-fixed Soil N uptake
g·plant−1 plant−1 kg·ha−1 % g·plant−1 % % kg·ha−1 kg·ha−1
Added P/(kg·ha-1)
0 40.9e 25.9d 1120c 3.3a 1.4d 1.29a 66e 152d 77b
10 52.9d 29.2c 1274b 3.4a 1.8c 0.74b 71d 210c 88a
20 57.1c 33.2b 1499a 3.4a 2.0bc 0.46c 73c 238c 87a
30 62.4b 36.5a 1443a 3.4a 2.1b 0.18d 76b 268b 87a
40 67.8a 34.9ab 1337b 3.5a 2.4a –0.39e 80a 320a 77b
Genotype
Roba 55.2a 33.4a 1341a 3.6a 2.0a 0.78a 71c 239ab 96a
Werer-961 55.4a 31.4a 1346a 3.2c 1.8b 0.47b 73b 220b 77b
Werer-962 58.1a 31.1a 1318a 3.4b 2.0a 0.12c 76a 2546a 77b
Two-way ANOVA
F-Statistics
Phosphorus (P) 49.64*** 16.48*** 41.68*** 0.45ns 29.40*** 165.66*** 165.45*** 43.56*** 4.34*
Genotype (G) 2.09ns 2.27ns 0.71ns 8.49** 5.46** 76.50*** 75.97*** 5.51** 24.92***
P×G 2.63ns 1.28ns 1.09ns 0.06ns 1.32ns 4.10** 4.11** 0.81ns 4.22***
CV/% 8.95 11.62 5.98 9.39 12.53 37.13 1.96 13.89 11.48
Tab.4  Shoot biomass, grain yield and symbiotic performance of three groundnut genotypes supplied with P and planted at Bedeno, in north-east Ethiopia, in 2013
Treatment 2012 2013
C C content C/N-fixed δ13C C C content C/N-fixed δ13C
% g·plant−1 g·g−1 % % g·plant−1 g·g−1 %
Added P/(kg·ha−1)
0 41.5b 16.5d 11.4b –26.7a 39.7a 16.2e 12.0a –28.2a
10 41.7b 21.6c 11.6b –26.8a 40.3a 21.3d 11.8a –28.14a
20 42.7a 25.5b 12.4a –26.7a 40.8a 23.2c 12.0a –28.0a
30 42.3ab 27.2b 12.0a –26.7a 41.6a 25.9b 12.3a –28.1a
40 41.7b 29.5a 11.4b –26.8a 41.5a 28.0a 11.9a –28.2a
Genotype
Roba 42.1a 24.9a 11.8a –26.8a 42.1a 23.2a 11.7b –28.1ab
Werer-961 41.9a 23.5a 11.8a –26.8a 40.7ab 22.6a 12.8a –27.8a
Werer-962 42.0a 23.7a 11.7a –26.7a 39.7b 23.0a 11.5b –28.2b
Two-way ANOVA
F-Statistics
Phosphorus (P) 3.60* 52.08*** 10.05*** 0.71ns 1.15ns 67.14*** 0.24ns 0.64ns
Genotype (G) 0.24ns 1.93ns 0.26ns 1.42ns 4.54* 0.62ns 6.02** 3.58*
P×G 1.27ns 2.98** 3.21** 0.47ns 0.24ns 2.68* 0.28ns 0.74ns
CV (%) 2.25 10.19 3.90 −0.85 6.33 8.35 10.61 –1.10
Tab.5  Shoot biomass, %C, C content, C/N-fixed and δ13C of 16 groundnut genotypes grown at Bedeno in north-east Ethiopia, in 2012 and 2013
Fig.1  Interactive effect of P × genotype on (a) shoot DM, (b) N content, (c) N-fixed, and (d) soil N uptake in field-grown groundnut at Bedeno in north-east Ethiopia, in 2012. Vertical lines on bars represent SE.
Fig.2  Interactive effect of P × genotype on (a) δ15N, (b) %Ndfa, and (c) soil N uptake in field-grown groundnut at Bedeno in north-east Ethiopia, in 2013. Vertical lines on bars represent SE.
Fig.3  Correlation and regression between (a) shoot DM and N-fixed, (b) δ15N and %Ndfa, (c) δ15N and N-fixed, (d) C-content and shoot DM for groundnut genotypes planted at Bedeno in north-east Ethiopia.
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