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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-7505

ISSN 2095-977X(Online)

CN 10-1204/S

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2023, Vol. 10 Issue (3) : 479-491    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2023480
RESEARCH ARTICLE
EFFICIENT CONTAMINANT REMOVAL FROM LIQUID DIGESTATE OF PIG MANURE BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION AND CO2 MINERALIZATION USING ALKALINE ASH
Zhengxin FEI1(), Zijie DING2, Xuan ZHENG2, Liang FENG2, Qingyao HE2, Shuiping YAN2, Long JI2()
1. College of Pharmaceutics, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, China
2. Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Abstract

● LFD was treated by fly ash-based chemical precipitation and CO2 mineralization.

● > 93% COD and > 98% TP removal efficiency, and < 2 mS·cm−1 EC was achieved.

● COD and TP removal was achieved by co-precipitation during CO2 mineralization.

● CO2 mineralization neutralized the alkaline LFD and removed heavy met.

Chemical precipitation is a widely applied approach for a liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) of agricultural waste but its large-scale application requires low-cost and efficient precipitating agents and novel process design. This study evaluated novel approach for the efficient removal of contaminants from the LFD using fly ash-based chemical precipitation, followed by filtration and CO2 mineralization. The technical feasibility of this approach was evaluated using pH and electrical conductivity (EC), and removal efficiencies of total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and heavy metals during the treatment. The fly ash used in this study showed a promising performance as a chemical precipitation agent for COD and TP removal from the treated LFD involving complex effects of precipitation and adsorption. CO2 bubbling after fly ash-based chemical precipitation provided further COD and TP removal by carbonation reactions between CO2 and the excessive alkaline minerals in fly ash. Although addition of fly ash to untreated LFD increased pH from 8.3 to 12.9 and EC from 7.01 to 13.7 mS·cm−1, CO2 bubbling helped neutralize the treated LFD and reduce the EC, and concentrations of toxic ions by carbonation reactions. The fly ash-based chemical precipitation and CO2 mineralization had > 93% COD and > 98% TP removal efficiencies, and resulted in an EC of < 2 mS·cm−1 and a neutral pH in the treated LFD, as well as the high purity calcite product.
Keywords anaerobic digestion      chemical oxygen demand      fly ash      ion removal      total phosphate     
Corresponding Author(s): Zhengxin FEI,Long JI   
Just Accepted Date: 16 January 2023   Online First Date: 17 February 2023    Issue Date: 20 September 2023
 Cite this article:   
Zhengxin FEI,Zijie DING,Xuan ZHENG, et al. EFFICIENT CONTAMINANT REMOVAL FROM LIQUID DIGESTATE OF PIG MANURE BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION AND CO2 MINERALIZATION USING ALKALINE ASH[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2023, 10(3): 479-491.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2023480
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2023/V10/I3/479
Constituent SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO SO3 Fe2O3 K2O Na2O P2O5
Fraction (wt%) 30.2 29.3 21.5 0.7 9.6 4.7 0.7 0.4 0.3
Tab.1  Elemental composition of fly ash samples (given as oxides)
Parameter Value
pH 8.3
Electrical conductivity (mS·cm−1) 7.02
Chemical oxygen demand (mS·cm−1) 817
CO2 loading (mol·L−1) 0.061
Total phosphorous content (mg·L−1) 21.5
Tab.2  Characteristics of the untreated liquid fraction of digestate used in this study
Fig.1  Schematic indicating the processing steps for the four experiments used for liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) treatment.
Fig.2  Untreated and treated liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) following the experiment E3-PFM.
Fig.3  X-ray diffraction patterns of the unused fly ash (a) , and used fly ash from experiments E1-P (b), E2-PM (c), E3-PFM (d), and E4-P&M (e) with the fly ash at 200 g·L−1.
Fig.4  SEM images of HD samples: unused fly ash (a), and used fly ash from experiments E1-P (b), E2-PM (c), E4-P&M (d), and E3-PFM (e,f) with the fly ash at 200 g·L−1.
Fig.5  Effect of various treatments on pH (a), electrical conductivity (EC) (b), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (c), and total phosphate (TP) (d) in treated liquid fraction of digestate over a range of concentrations.
Fig.6  Concentrations of major element ions Na (a), K (b), Ca (c), Mg (d), and Fe (e) in the treated liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) following four treatments.
Fig.7  Concentrations of microelement ions Mn (a), Zn (b), As (c), Pb (d), Cu (e), Cr (f), Ni (g), and Cd (h) in treated liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) following four treatments.
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