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Frontiers of Computer Science

ISSN 2095-2228

ISSN 2095-2236(Online)

CN 10-1014/TP

Postal Subscription Code 80-970

2018 Impact Factor: 1.129

Front. Comput. Sci.    2020, Vol. 14 Issue (3) : 143603    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-019-7427-7
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evaluating and improving the interpretability of item embeddings using item-tag relevance information
Tao LIAN1, Lin DU2, Mingfu ZHAO3, Chaoran CUI4, Zhumin CHEN5(), Jun MA5
1. College of Data Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
2. Software College, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
3. School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
4. School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China
5. School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Abstract

Matrix factorization (MF) methods have superior recommendation performance and are flexible to incorporate other side information, but it is hard for humans to interpret the derived latent factors. Recently, the item-item cooccurrence information is exploited to learn item embeddings and enhance the recommendation performance. However, the item-item co-occurrence information, constructed from the sparse and long-tail distributed user-item interaction matrix, is over-estimated for rare items, which could lead to bias in learned item embeddings. In this paper, we seek to evaluate and improve the interpretability of item embeddings by leveraging a dense item-tag relevance matrix. Specifically, we design two metrics to quantitatively evaluate the interpretability of item embeddings from different viewpoints: interpretability of individual dimensions of item embeddings and semantic coherence of local neighborhoods in the latent space.We also propose a tag-informed item embedding (TIE) model that jointly factorizes the user-item interaction matrix, the item-item co-occurrence matrix and the item-tag relevance matrix with shared item embeddings so that different forms of information can co-operate with each other to learn better item embeddings. Experiments on the MovieLens20M dataset demonstrate that compared with other state-of-the-art MF methods, TIE achieves better top-N recommendations, and the relative improvement is larger when the user-item interaction matrix becomes sparser. By leveraging the itemtag relevance information, individual dimensions of item embeddings are more interpretable and local neighborhoods in the latent space are more semantically coherent; the bias in learned item embeddings are also mitigated to some extent.

Keywords recommender system      matrix factorization      item embedding      item-tag relevance      interpretability     
Corresponding Author(s): Zhumin CHEN   
Issue Date: 10 January 2020
 Cite this article:   
Tao LIAN,Lin DU,Mingfu ZHAO, et al. Evaluating and improving the interpretability of item embeddings using item-tag relevance information[J]. Front. Comput. Sci., 2020, 14(3): 143603.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcs/EN/10.1007/s11704-019-7427-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcs/EN/Y2020/V14/I3/143603
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