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Frontiers of Computer Science

ISSN 2095-2228

ISSN 2095-2236(Online)

CN 10-1014/TP

Postal Subscription Code 80-970

2018 Impact Factor: 1.129

Front. Comput. Sci.    2025, Vol. 19 Issue (5) : 195905    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-024-3862-1
Interdisciplinary
Predicting miRNA-drug interactions via dual-channel network based on TCN and BiLSTM
Xiaoxuan ZHANG, Xiujuan LEI()
School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
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Abstract

Discovering new drugs is a complicated, time-consuming, costly, risky and failure-prone process. However, about 80% of the drugs that have been approved so far are targeted at protein targets, and 99% of them only target specific proteins. This means that there are still a large number of protein targets that are considered “useless”. By exploring miRNA as a potential therapeutic target, we can expand the range of target selection and improve the efficiency of drug development. Therefore, it is of great significance to search for potential miRNA-drug interactions (MDIs) through reasonable computational methods. In this paper, a dual-channel network model, MDIDCN, based on Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), was proposed to predict MDIs. Specifically, we first used a known bipartite network to represent the interaction between miRNAs and drugs, and the graph embedding technique of BiNE was applied to learn the topological features of both. Secondly, we used TCN to learn the MACCS fingerprints of drugs, BiLSTM to learn the k-mer of miRNA, and concatenated the topological and structural features of the two together as their fusion features. Finally, the fusion features of miRNA and drug underwent max-pooling, and they were input into the Softmax layer to obtain the predicted scores of both, so as to obtain the potential miRNA-drug interaction pairs. In this paper, the prediction performance of the model was evaluated on three different datasets by using 5-fold cross-validation, and the average AUC were 0.9567, 0.9365, and 0.8975, respectively. In addition, case studies on the drugs Gemcitabine and hsa-miR-155-5p were also conducted in this paper, and the results showed that the model had high accuracy and reliability. In conclusion, the MDIDCN model can accurately and efficiently predict MDIs, which has important implications for drug development.

Keywords miRNA-drug interactions      BiNE      temporal convolutional network      bi-directional long short-term memory     
Corresponding Author(s): Xiujuan LEI   
Just Accepted Date: 29 May 2024   Issue Date: 25 July 2024
 Cite this article:   
Xiaoxuan ZHANG,Xiujuan LEI. Predicting miRNA-drug interactions via dual-channel network based on TCN and BiLSTM[J]. Front. Comput. Sci., 2025, 19(5): 195905.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcs/EN/10.1007/s11704-024-3862-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcs/EN/Y2025/V19/I5/195905
DatasetDrugmiRNAInteractionSparsity
ncDR9562444570.0752
RNAInter281100957390.0202
SM2miR314264519400.0212
Tab.1  The statistics of miRNAs, drugs, and miRNA-drug interactions in three datasets
Fig.1  The flowchart of the proposed model MDIDCN
Fig.2  A dilated Non-Causal Convolutions of TCN is constructed for the structural features of drugs.(kernel size=3, dilations=[1, 2, 4, 8])
Fig.3  The BiLSTM is constructed for the structural features of miRNAs
FoldAUCAUPRACCPrecisionSensitivitySpecificityF1-score
ncDR0.95670.95560.88910.88790.89570.88820.8898
RNAInter0.93650.93480.86330.86210.86480.86180.8635
SM2miR30.89750.88810.84230.83120.83440.82600.8447
Tab.2  Prediction performance of MDIDCN on three datasets
Fig.4  (a) ROC curve of ncDR dataset under 5-fold cross validation; (b) PR curve of ncDR dataset under 5-fold cross validation
Fig.5  (a) ROC curve of RNAInter dataset under 5-fold cross validation; (b) PR curve of RNAInter dataset under 5-fold cross validation
Fig.6  (a) ROC curve of SM2miR3 dataset under 5-fold cross validation; (b) PR curve of SM2miR3 dataset under 5-fold cross validation
Fig.7  The dimension analysis of BiLSTM and TCN: (a) on the ncDR dataset; (b) on the RNAInter dataset; (c) on the SM2miR3 dataset
Fig.8  The effect of different features on three datasets
Fig.9  Prediction performance of datasets with different sparsity
MethodAUCAUPRACCPrecisionSensitivitySpecificity
LDAMAN0.94300.94190.87750.88410.88120.8847
BNEMDI0.95410.94710.88990.88550.89550.8842
MFIDMA0.95360.95190.88290.88730.87510.8858
GCNNMMA0.91610.41080.94760.53960.98790.2467
GCFMCL0.90830.90060.81630.78700.86730.7653
MDIDCN0.95670.95560.89020.88790.89800.8882
Tab.3  Compared with other methods on ncDR dataset (N/A means not available)
MethodAUCAUPRACCPrecisionSensitivitySpecificity
LDAMAN0.93460.90040.82460.84650.84150.8563
BNEMDI0.93480.92870.86240.85670.86320.8545
MFIDMA0.93610.93460.89160.85860.86290.8616
GCNNMMA0.78390.17910.9818N/AN/AN/A
GCFMCL0.88320.89430.82980.80390.87230.7872
MDIDCN0.93650.93480.86330.86210.86480.8618
Tab.4  Compared with other methods on RNAInter dataset (N/A means not available)
MethodAUCAUPRACCPrecisionSensitivitySpecificity
LDAMAN0.89120.88150.81740.81300.81460.8172
BNEMDI0.89170.86860.82050.81300.83220.8088
MFIDMA0.89190.88180.84110.82910.81680.8149
GCNNMMA0.83260.19220.9773N/AN/AN/A
GCFMCL0.84070.80630.75530.70690.81250.7083
MDIDCN0.89750.88810.84230.83120.83440.8260
Tab.5  Compared with other methods on SM2miR3 dataset (N/A means not available)
RankmiRNADrugPubChem IDEvidence
1hsa-miR-155-5pGemcitabine6075034753061
2hsa-miR-148a-3pGemcitabine60750unconfirmed
3hsa-miR-17-5pGemcitabine6075037115505
4hsa-miR-29c-3pGemcitabine6075029807360
5hsa-let-7a-5pGemcitabine6075016762633
6hsa-miR-20a-5pGemcitabine6075030777929
7hsa-let-7d-5pGemcitabine60750unconfirmed
8hsa-miR-301a-3pGemcitabine6075028469793
9hsa-miR-133bGemcitabine6075019654003
10hsa-miR-99a-5pGemcitabine6075035148461
Tab.6  The top 10 predicted miRNAs interacting with the Gemcitabine
Rank Drug Drug structure PubChem ID miRNA Evidence
1 Gemcitabine 60750 hsa-miR-155-5p 34753061
2 Platinum, diamminedichloro- 5702198 hsa-miR-155-5p unconfirmed
3 Doxorubicin 31703 hsa-miR-155-5p 35728579
4 Eloxatine 5310940 hsa-miR-155-5p 28928161
5 Verapamil 2520 hsa-miR-155-5p unconfirmed
6 Docetaxel 148124 hsa-miR-155-5p 32323857
7 Cytarabine 6253 hsa-miR-155-5p 26523117
8 Genistein 5280961 hsa-miR-155-5p 36326669
9 Uric Acid 1175 hsa-miR-155-5p 36291136
10 Losartan 3961 hsa-miR-155-5p unconfirmed
Tab.7  The top 10 predicted drugs interacting with the miRNA hsa-miR-155-5p
  
  
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