Optimization of kinetic mechanism for hydrogen combustion based on machine learning
Shuangshuang Cao1, Houjun Zhang1, Haoyang Liu3, Zhiyuan Lyu3, Xiangyuan Li2, Bin Zhang3(), You Han1()
1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China 2. School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China 3. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
The reduced mechanism based on the minimized reaction network method can effectively solve the rigidity problem in the numerical calculation of turbulent internal combustion engine. The optimization of dynamic parameters of the reduced mechanism is the key to reproduce the experimental data. In this work, the experimental data of ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds were taken as the optimization objectives based on the machine-learning model constructed by radial basis function interpolation method, and pre-exponential factors and activation energies of H2 combustion mechanism were optimized. Compared with the origin mechanism, the performance of the optimized mechanism was significantly improved. The error of ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds was reduced by 24.3% and 26.8%, respectively, with 25% decrease in total mean error. The optimized mechanism was used to predict the ignition delay times, laminar flame speeds and species concentrations of jet stirred reactor, and the predicted results were in good agreement with experimental results. In addition, the differences of the key reactions of the combustion mechanism under specific working conditions were studied by sensitivity analysis. Therefore, the machine-learning model is a tool with broad application prospects to optimize various combustion mechanisms in a wide range of operating conditions.
. [J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2024, 18(11): 136.
Shuangshuang Cao, Houjun Zhang, Haoyang Liu, Zhiyuan Lyu, Xiangyuan Li, Bin Zhang, You Han. Optimization of kinetic mechanism for hydrogen combustion based on machine learning. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(11): 136.
0.29 at 800 K, decreasing to 0.21 at 1300 K, then increasing to 0.33 at 2700 K
79.23%
Tab.2
Fig.3
Fig.4
Fig.5
Fig.6
Fig.7
Fig.8
Fig.9
Case
V/cm3
P/Pa
tau/s
φ
Initial_H2
Initial_O2
Initial_N2
Initial_H2O
1
30
1.013 × 105
0.12
0.2
0.0108
0.025
0.9642
0
2
30
1.013 × 105
0.12
0.5
0.0107
0.01
0.9793
0
3
30
1.013 × 105
0.12
2
0.011
0.0025
0.9865
0
4
30
1.013 × 105
0.12
0.2
0.0115
0.025
0.8635
0.1
5
30
1.013 × 105
0.12
0.5
0.00928
0.011
0.87972
0.1
6
30
1.013 × 105
0.12
1
0.0113
0.005
0.8837
0.1
Tab.3
Fig.10
1
O I Awad , B Zhou , K Harrath , K Kadirgama . Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: a review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48(96): 38077–38100 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.096
2
X LiX YaoJ ShentuX SunJ LiM LiuS Xu. Combustion reaction mechanism construction by two-parameter rate constant method. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(3): 512–520 (in Chinese)
3
X LiJ ShentuY LiJ LiJ Wang. Combustion mechanism construction based on minimized reaction network: hydrogen-oxygen combustion. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2020, 41(4): 772–779 (in Chinese)
4
H Wang , D A Sheen . Combustion kinetic model uncertainty quantification, propagation and minimization. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2015, 47: 1–31 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2014.10.002
5
H Wang , M Yao , R D Reitz . Development of a reduced primary reference fuel mechanism for internal combustion engine combustion simulations. Energy & Fuels, 2013, 27(12): 7843–7853 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef401992e
6
Y Ra , R D Reitz . A reduced chemical kinetic model for IC engine combustion simulations with primary reference fuels. Combustion and Flame, 2008, 155(4): 713–738 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.05.002
7
D Lv , Y Chen , Y Chen , X Guo , H Chen , H Huang . Development of a reduced diesel/PODEn mechanism for diesel engine application. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 199: 112070 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112070
8
S Lin , W Sun , L Guo , P Cheng , Y Sun , H Zhang . Development of a reduced mechanism of a three components surrogate fuel for the coal-to-liquid and diesel combustion simulation. Fuel, 2021, 294: 120370 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120370
9
A Lapene , G Debenest , M Quintard , L M Castanier , M G Gerritsen , A R Kovscek . Kinetics oxidation of heavy oil. 2. Application of genetic algorithm for evaluation of kinetic parameters. Energy & Fuels, 2015, 29(2): 1119–1129 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef501392k
10
B Niu , M Jia , G Xu , Y Chang , M Xie . Efficient approach for the optimization of skeletal chemical mechanisms with multiobjective genetic algorithm. Energy & Fuels, 2018, 32(6): 7086–7102 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b00356
11
J Si , G Wang , P Li , J Mi . Optimization of the global reaction mechanism for MILD combustion of methane using artificial neural network. Energy & Fuels, 2020, 34(3): 3805–3815 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b04413
12
Q Lin , J Zheng , C Zou , J Cheng , J Li , W Xia , H Shi . An improved 3-pentanone high temperature kinetic model using Bayesian optimization algorithm based on ignition delay times, flame speeds and species profiles. Fuel, 2020, 279: 118540 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118540
13
Q Lin , C Zou , S Liu , Y Wang , L Lu , C Peng . An improved 2-pentanone low to high-temperature kinetic model using Bayesian optimization algorithm. Combustion and Flame, 2021, 231: 111453 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111453
14
W Li , C Zou , H Yao , Q Lin , R Fu , J Luo . An optimized kinetic model for H2/CO combustion in CO2 diluent at elevated pressures. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 241: 112093 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2022.112093
15
X Liu , Y Wang , Y Bai , W Yang . Development of reduced and optimized mechanism for ammonia/hydrogen mixture based on genetic algorithm. Energy, 2023, 270: 126927 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.126927
16
Q Lin , C Zou , J Luo , W Xia , W Li , C Peng . A shock tube experiment and an improved high-temperature diisopropyl ketone model by Bayesian optimization. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 245: 112305 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2022.112305
17
N I Vollmer , R Al , K V Gernaey , G Sin . Synergistic optimization framework for the process synthesis and design of biorefineries. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2022, 16(2): 251–273 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-021-2071-9
18
X Wang , J Li , Y Zheng , J Lin . Smart systems engineering contributing to an intelligent carbon-neutral future: opportunities, challenges, and prospects. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2022, 16(6): 1023–1029 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-022-2142-6
19
H Fang , J Zhou , Z Wang , Z Qiu , Y Sun , Y Lin , K Chen , X Zhou , M Pan . Hybrid method integrating machine learning and particle swarm optimization for smart chemical process operations. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2022, 16(2): 274–287 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-021-2043-0
20
E Chee , W C Wong , X Wang . An integrated approach for machine-learning-based system identification of dynamical systems under control: application towards the model predictive control of a highly nonlinear reactor system. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2022, 16(2): 237–250 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-021-2058-6
21
P O Ludl , R Heese , J Höller , N Asprion , M Bortz . Using machine learning models to explore the solution space of large nonlinear systems underlying flowsheet simulations with constraints. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2022, 16(2): 183–197 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-021-2073-7
22
A Kéromnès , W K Metcalfe , K A Heufer , N Donohoe , A K Das , C J Sung , J Herzler , C Naumann , P Griebel , O Mathieu . et al.. An experimental and detailed chemical kinetic modeling study of hydrogen and syngas mixture oxidation at elevated pressures. Combustion and Flame, 2013, 160(6): 995–1011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.01.001
23
D Healy , D M Kalitan , C J Aul , E L Petersen , G Bourque , H J Curran . Oxidation of C1–C5 alkane quinternary natural gas mixtures at high pressures. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(3): 1521–1528 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef9011005
24
C Olm , I G Zsély , T Varga , H J Curran , T Turányi . Comparison of the performance of several recent syngas combustion mechanisms. Combustion and Flame, 2015, 162(5): 1793–1812 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.001
25
Cantera: an object-oriented software toolkit for chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and transport processes. Version 2.6.0. Pasadena: California Institute of Technology, 2022
26
W Sun , J Wang , C Huang , N Hansen , B Yang . Providing effective constraints for developing ketene combustion mechanisms: a detailed kinetic investigation of diacetyl flames. Combustion and Flame, 2019, 205: 11–21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.03.037
27
C Olm , I G Zsély , R Pálvölgyi , T Varga , T Nagy , H J Curran , T Turányi . Comparison of the performance of several recent hydrogen combustion mechanisms. Combustion and Flame, 2014, 161(9): 2219–2234 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.03.006
28
L Pan , E Hu , F Deng , Z Zhang , Z Huang . Effect of pressure and equivalence ratio on the ignition characteristics of dimethyl ether-hydrogen mixtures. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(33): 19212–19223 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.09.098
29
A Drakon , A Eremin , N Matveeva , E Mikheyeva . The opposite influences of flame suppressants on the ignition of combustible mixtures behind shock waves. Combustion and Flame, 2017, 176: 592–598 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.11.001
30
X LVE HuC PengX MengZ Huang. Measurements on laminar burning velocities of hydrogen/oxygen/diluents at elevated pressure and temperature. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2017, 32(7): 1599–1607 (in Chinese)
31
E Hu , Z Huang , J He , C Jin , J Zheng . Experimental and numerical study on laminar burning characteristics of premixed methane-hydrogen-air flames. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34(11): 4876–4888 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.058
32
X Qin , H Kobayashi , T Niioka . Laminar burning velocity of hydrogen-air premixed flames at elevated pressure. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2000, 21(1): 58–63 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-1777(99)00054-0
33
Z Huang , Y Zhang , K Zeng , B Liu , Q Wang , D Jiang . Measurements of laminar burning velocities for natural gas-hydrogen-air mixtures. Combustion and Flame, 2006, 146(1): 302–311 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.03.003
34
G A Pang , D F Davidson , R K Hanson . Experimental study and modeling of shock tube ignition delay times for hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures at low temperatures. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2009, 32(1): 181–188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.014
35
C W Zhou , Y Li , U Burke , C Banyon , K P Somers , S Ding , S Khan , J W Hargis , T Sikes , O Mathieu . et al.. An experimental and chemical kinetic modeling study of 1,3-butadiene combustion: ignition delay time and laminar flame speed measurements. Combustion and Flame, 2018, 197: 423–438 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.08.006
36
H WangX YouA V JoshiS G DavisA LaskinF EgolfopoulosC Law. USC Mech Version II. High-Temperature Combustion Reaction Model of H2/CO/C1/C4 Compounds, 2007
37
H Behrooz , Y M Hayeri . Machine learning applications in surface transportation systems: a literature review. Applied Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2022, 12(18): 9156 https://doi.org/10.3390/app12189156
38
A K Shakya , G Pillai , S Chakrabarty . Reinforcement learning algorithms: a brief survey. Expert Systems with Applications, 2023, 231: 120495 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120495
39
P Priore , B Ponte , J Puente , A Gómez . Learning-based scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems using ensemble methods. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2018, 126: 282–291 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2018.09.034
40
J I Ryu , K Kim , K Min , R Scarcelli , S Som , K S Kim , J E Temme , C B M Kweon , T Lee . Data-driven chemical kinetic reaction mechanism for F-24 jet fuel ignition. Fuel, 2021, 290: 119508 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119508
J W Sutherland , J V Michael , A N Pirraglia , F L Nesbitt , R B Klemm . Rate constant for the reaction of O(3P) with H2 by the flash photolysis-shock tube and flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence techniques; 504 K ≤ T ≤ 2495 K. Symposium (International) on Combustion, 1988, 21(1): 929–941
43
S O Ryu , S M Hwang , M J Rabinowitz . Rate coefficient of the O + H2 = OH + H reaction determined via shock tube-laser absorption spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters, 1995, 242(3): 279–284 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(95)00733-K
44
S H Mousavipour , V Saheb . Theoretical study on the kinetic and mechanism of H + HO2 reaction. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 2007, 80(10): 1901–1913 https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.80.1901
45
H Yang , W C Gardiner , K S Shin , N Fujii . Shock tube study of the rate coefficient of H + O2 → OH + O. Chemical Physics Letters, 1994, 231(4): 449–453 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(94)01288-1
46
H Du , J P Hessler . Rate coefficient for the reaction H + O2 → OH + O: results at high temperatures, 2000 to 5300 K. Journal of Chemical Physics, 1992, 96(2): 1077–1092 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.462194
47
K S Shin , J V Michael . Rate constants for the reactions H + O2 → OH + O and D + O2 → OD + O over the temperature range 1085–2278 K by the laser photolysis-shock tube technique. Journal of Chemical Physics, 1991, 95(1): 262–273 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461483
48
A N Pirraglia , J V Michael , J W Sutherland , R B Klemm . A flash photolysis-shock tube kinetic study of the hydrogen atom reaction with oxygen: H + O2 → OH + O (962 K ≤ T ≤ ltoreq. 1705 K) and H + O2 + Ar → HO2 + Ar (746 K ≤ T ≤ 987 K). Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1989, 93(1): 282–291 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100338a058
49
T Le Cong , P Dagaut . Experimental and detailed modeling study of the effect of water vapor on the kinetics of combustion of hydrogen and natural gas, impact on NOx. Energy & Fuels, 2009, 23(2): 725–734 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef800832q