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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-0179

ISSN 2095-0187(Online)

CN 11-5981/TQ

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Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.    2015, Vol. 9 Issue (4) : 428-441    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-015-1536-0
REVIEW ARTICLE
SERS nanoprobes for bio-application
Han-Wen Cheng1,2,*(),Jin Luo2,Chuan-Jian Zhong2,*()
1. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
2. Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Abstract

The ability to tune the size, shape, composition and surface properties impart nanoparticles with the desired functions for bio-application. This article highlights some of the recent examples in the exploration of metal (e.g., gold and silver) nanoparticles, especially those with magnetic properties and bio-conjugated structures, as theranostic nanoprobes. Such nanoprobes exhibit tunable optical, spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrical properties for signal amplifications. Examples discussed in this article will focus on the nanoproble-enhanced colorimetric detection and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of biomarkers or biomolecules such as proteins and DNAs. The understanding of factors controlling the biomolecular interactions is essential for the design of SERS nanoprobes with theranostic functions.
Keywords surface-enhanced Raman scattering      functional nanoprobes      bio-conjugation      metal nanoparticles      magnetic properties      theranostic materials     
Corresponding Author(s): Han-Wen Cheng,Chuan-Jian Zhong   
Online First Date: 26 October 2015    Issue Date: 26 November 2015
 Cite this article:   
Han-Wen Cheng,Jin Luo,Chuan-Jian Zhong. SERS nanoprobes for bio-application[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(4): 428-441.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-015-1536-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2015/V9/I4/428
Fig.1  Scheme 1 A schematic illustration on the exploration of functional nanoparticles as nanoprobes for an effective plasmonic coupling towards SERS detection in various formats
Fig.2  (A) Size distributions of gold NPs obtained by aggregation growth for different size (from a to j); (B) UV-Vis spectra (normalized) for Au NPs with the different particle sizes in aqueous solutions [9]
Fig.3  (A) TEM images of thermally evolved Au-coated Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and photos showing (a) the magnetic properties of Fe2O3@Au nanoparticles dissolved in toluene, (b) suspended in ethanol-toluene before, and (c) after applying a magnet. (B) UV-Vis spectral evolution for MnZn ferrite@Au (MZF@Au) nanoparticles taken upon applying a magnet, the dashed line is for Au NPs prepared by the same method. Bottom: Absorbance at 548 nm and 320 nm vs. magnetization time. Photos showing the movement of the nanoparticles towards the magnet (from a to b to c in 18 h). MZF@Au particles in solution were attracted by the magnet [44]. (C) UV-Vis spectral evolution for MnZn ferrite@Ag (MZF@Ag) nanoparticles taken during the magnetization process. Bottom: Absorbance at ~420 nm vs. magnetization time [45]. Photos showing the movement of the red particles towards the magnet (in a timeframe of 60 min)
Fig.4  (A) UV-Vis and (B) SERS spectra for MBA-labeled Au NPs (60 nm) in a solution after centrifuging at different speeds: (a) 2000, and (b) 14000 r/min [19]
Fig.5  (A) SERS intensity vs. particle size for MBA-labeled Au NPs on an Au-thin film substrate and (B) in an aqueous solution [19]
Fig.6  Comparison of SERS spectra for different nanoparticle samples containing MBA: (a) MZF NPs solution, (b) Ag NPs solution, (c) MZF@Ag NPs being re-dispersed in the solution after magnetic attraction, (d) MZF@Ag NPs on the gold thin film coated glass slide collected by magnetic attraction, and (e) supernatant left behind after the magnetic attraction of the MZF@Ag NPs from the solution [45]
Fig.7  Illustrations of bio-conjugation of (A) protein A and (B) DNA on gold nanoparticles via immobilization of DSP followed by labeling MBA and binding protein A by (A) thiol groups on Au NPs or (B) thiol groups anchored on DNA
Fig.8  Gold nanoparticle enhanced SERS detection of biomarker from bacterial spores. (A) Bacterial spores and biomarker extraction into a solution where the biomarker is detected by SERS using a gold thin film substrate with self-assembled gold nanoparticles. (B) SERS spectra in 800?1150 cm−1 region for spore suspension extracted by 0.02 mol/L HNO3 on an AuNPs(60nm)/PVP/Au substrate. (Cspore [M] (from a to h): (a) 3.1 × 10−14, (b) 6.2 × 10−14, (c) 1.2 × 10−13, (d) 1.6 × 10−13, (e) 3.9 × 10−13, (f) 7.8 × 10−13, (g) 1.2 × 10−12, and (h) 1.6 × 10−12.) Insert: peak intensity at 1002 cm−1 (integrated peak area) vs. the particle size for a sample of 1.0 ppm DPA [55]. (C) SERS intensity of the 1002 cm−1 peak as a function of Cspore:1/ISERSvs. 1/Cspore
Fig.9  (A) Illustration of magnetic core (M, e.g., MZF)@shell (Au) nanoparticles (NP) in bio-conjugation, bio-separation and bio-detection (L-Au-A: protein A and Raman reporter labeled Au NP; Ab-M@Au: antibody-labeled M@Au nanoparticles; (B) SERS spectra showing the bioactivity for Au (80 nm) NPs labeled with Protein A (or BSA) and MBA and M@Au NPs (~8 nm) labeled with Ab (IgG) [19]. (BSA: bovine serum albumin)
Fig.10  (Top panel): Formation of ds-DNA between ss-DNA conjugated NPs and Raman reporter labeled NPs in the presence of complementary ss-DNA in the solution, and restriction enzymatic cutting of the ds-DNA (30 bp DNA sequence). (A,B) SERS spectra for ss-DNA/AuNP and MBA/AuNP in an aqueous solution: (A) (a) bottom-DNA/AuNP+ MBA/AuNP, (b) bottom-DNA/AuNP+ MBA/AuNP+ top-DNA, and MspI cutting of the ds-DNA/AuNPs; (B) (a) ds-DNA/AuNPs, (b) after MspI cutting [7]). (C,D): SERS spectra for for ss-DNA/MZF@AuNP and MBA/AuNP in an aqueous solution: (C) (a) MBA-Au+ MZF/Au-DNA1, and (b) MZF/Au-DNA1+ MBA-Au+ DNA2; (D) MspI cutting of the MBA-Au-ds-DNA-MZF/Au ((a) MBA-Au-ds-DNA-MZF/Au solution, (b) after MspI cutting [8])
Fig.11  Scheme 2 A schematic diagram illustrates enzymatic cutting of ds-DNA-NP assembly and magnetic separation of MZF/Au (or MZF/Ag). (DTT: dithiothreitol). Gel electrophoresis data ((Lane A) before enzyme cutting, and (Lane B) after enzyme cutting)
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