Synthesis of Chl@Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> composites as an anode material for lithium storage

doi:10.1007/s11705-020-1984-z

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (3) : 709-716 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-1984-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Synthesis of Chl@Ti₃C₂ composites as an anode material for lithium storage

Wenxin Xu¹, Xin Zhao¹, Jiali Tang¹, Chao Zhang¹, Yu Gao¹, Shin-ichi Sasaki^2,³, Hitoshi Tamiaki², Aijun Li¹(

), Xiao-Feng Wang¹(

)

¹. Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
². Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
³. Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Shiga 526-0829, Japan

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Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide MXene Ti₃C₂ has attracted significant research interest in energy storage applications. In this study, we prepared Chl@Ti₃C₂ composites by simply mixing a chlorophyll derivative (e.g., zinc methyl 3-devinyl-3-hydroxymethyl- pyropheophorbide a (Chl)) and Ti₃C₂ in tetrahydrofuran, where the Chl molecules were aggregated among the multi-layered Ti₃C₂ MXene or on its surface, increasing the interlayer space of Ti₃C₂. The as-prepared Chl@Ti₃C₂ was employed as the anode material in the lithium-ion battery (LIB) with lithium metal as the cathode. The resulting LIB exhibited a higher reversible capacity and longer cycle performance than those of LIB based on pure Ti₃C₂, and its specific discharge capacity continuously increased along with the increasing number of cycles, which can be attributed to the gradual activation of Chl@Ti₃C₂ accompanied by the electrochemical reactions. The discharge capacity of 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ was recorded to be 325 mA·h·g^–1 at the current density of 50 mA·g^–1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 56% and a reversible discharge capacity of 173 mA·h·g^–1 at the current density of 500 mA·g^–1 after 800 cycles. This work provides a novel strategy for improving the energy storage performance of 2D MXene materials by expanding the layer distance with organic dye aggregates.

Keywords zinc chlorin aggregate Ti₃C₂ MXene anode material lithium storage

Corresponding Author(s): Aijun Li,Xiao-Feng Wang

Just Accepted Date: 16 September 2020 Online First Date: 19 November 2020 Issue Date: 10 May 2021

Cite this article:

Wenxin Xu,Xin Zhao,Jiali Tang, et al. Synthesis of Chl@Ti₃C₂ composites as an anode material for lithium storage[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(3): 709-716.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-1984-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I3/709

Fig.1 A schematic diagram for the preparation of Chl@Ti₃C₂ composite.

Fig.2 (a) XRD patterns of Ti₃AlC₂ powder and the Ti₃C₂ and (b) of the four different samples (Ti₃C₂, Chl, 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂, and 2 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂); (c) magnification of XRD patterns in (b).

Fig.3 SEM images of (a) Ti₃C₂ MXene, (b) Chl, (c) 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ composite, and (d) 2 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ composite.

Fig.4 (a) SEM image of 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ composite; (b?d) corresponding EDS mapping images; (e) SEM image of 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ composite; (f) TEM image of 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ composite; (g) HRTEM image of 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ composite.

Fig.5 CV curves of (a) Ti₃C₂, (b) Chl, and (c) Chl@Ti₃C₂ electrodes from 3.0 to 0.01 V vs. Li/Li⁺ at a scan rate of 0.1 mV·s^–1; (d) charge-discharge profiles of 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ electrode at different cycles with a current density of 50 mA·g^–1; (e) Cycling performance and Coulombic efficiency at a current density of 50 mA·g^–1; (f) Nyquist plots at 1 MHz to 1 mHz of the Ti₃C₂, 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C_2, and 2 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ electrodes before cycling.

Fig.6 (a) Cycling performance and Coulombic efficiency at a current density of 100 mA·g^–1; (b) rate performance of the Ti₃C₂, 1 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C_2, and 2 wt-% Chl@Ti₃C₂ electrodes; (c) long-term cycling performance and Coulombic efficiency at a current density of 500 mA·g^–1.

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