Carbon-coated lithium titanate: effect of carbon precursor addition processes on the electrochemical performance

doi:10.1007/s11705-020-2022-x

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (1) : 148-155 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-2022-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Carbon-coated lithium titanate: effect of carbon precursor addition processes on the electrochemical performance

Shilei Ding¹(

), Zelong Jiang¹, Jing Gu², Hongliang Zhang³, Jiajia Cai¹, Dongdong Wang¹

¹. School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
². School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
³. Analysis and Testing Central Facility, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China

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Abstract

In this paper, two carbon-coated lithium titanate (LTO-C1 and LTO-C2) composites were synthesized using the ball-milling-assisted calcination method with different carbon precursor addition processes. The physical and electrochemical properties of the as-synthesized negative electrode materials were characterized to investigate the effects of two carbon-coated LTO synthesis processes on the electrochemical performance of LTO. The results show that the LTO-C2 synthesized by using Li₂CO₃ and TiO₂ as the raw materials and sucrose as the carbon source in a one-pot method has less polarization during lithium insertion and extraction, minimal charge transfer impedance value and the best electrochemical performance among all samples. At the current density of 300 mA·h·g^–1, the LTO-C2 composite delivers a charge capacity of 126.9 mA·h·g^–1, and the reversible capacity after 300 cycles exceeds 121.3 mA·h·g^–1 in the voltage range of 1.0–3.0 V. Furthermore, the electrochemical impedance spectra show that LTO-C2 has higher electronic conductivity and lithium diffusion coefficient, which indicates the advantages in electrode kinetics over LTO and LTO-C1. The results clarify the best electrochemical properties of the carbon-coated LTO-C2 composite prepared by the one-pot method.

Keywords lithium titanate carbon-coated carbon precursor synthetic process

Corresponding Author(s): Shilei Ding

Just Accepted Date: 16 October 2020 Online First Date: 07 December 2020 Issue Date: 12 January 2021

Cite this article:

Shilei Ding,Zelong Jiang,Jing Gu, et al. Carbon-coated lithium titanate: effect of carbon precursor addition processes on the electrochemical performance[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(1): 148-155.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-2022-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I1/148

Fig.1 Synthesis procedure of the LTO, LTO-C1 and LTO-C2 composites.

Fig.2 XRD patterns of LTO, LTO-C1 and LTO-C2 samples.

Fig.3 Raman spectra of LTO, LTO-C1 and LTO-C2 samples with 514 nm excitation of an argon ion laser.

Fig.4 Thermal analysis curves of LTO-C1 and LTO-C2 samples in air atmosphere.

Fig.5 SEM images of (a) LTO, (b) LTO-C1, and (c, d) LTO-C2 samples.

Fig.6 HRTEM images of (a, b) LTO, (c, d) LTO-C1 and (e, f) LTO-C2 composites.

Fig.7 Rate performance of (a) charge and (b) discharge at different rates of LTO, LTO-C1 and LTO-C2.

Fig.8 Cycle performance of the (a) charge and (b) discharge of LTO, LTO-C1 and TLO-C2.

Fig.9 Coulombic efficiencies of LTO, LTO-C1 and TLO-C2.

Fig.10 Cyclic voltammograms of LTO, LTO-C1 and LTO-C2.

Fig.11 (a) EIS patterns of LTO, LTO-C1 and LTO-C2; (b) Corresponding linear fitting of Warburg impedance.

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