Continuous size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles by using simulated moving bed chromatography

doi:10.1007/s11705-021-2040-3

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (5) : 1346-1355 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-021-2040-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Continuous size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles by using simulated moving bed chromatography

Carsten-Rene Arlt¹, Dominik Brekel¹, Stefan Neumann², David Rafaja², Matthias Franzreb¹(

)

¹. Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
². Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany

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Abstract

The size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles is a technical problem, which until today can only be solved with great effort. Nevertheless, there is an important demand for nanoparticles with sharp size distributions, for example for medical technology or sensor technology. Using magnetic chromatography, we show a promising method for fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles with respect to their size and/or magnetic properties. This was achieved by passing magnetic nanoparticles through a packed bed of fine steel spheres with which they interact magnetically because single domain ferro-/ferrimagnetic nanoparticles show a spontaneous magnetization. Since the strength of this interaction is related to particle size, the principle is suitable for size fractionation. This concept was transferred into a continuous process in this work using a so-called simulated moving bed chromatography. Applying a suspension of magnetic nanoparticles within a size range from 20 to 120 nm, the process showed a separation sharpness of up to 0.52 with recovery rates of 100%. The continuous feed stream of magnetic nanoparticles could be fractionated with a space-time-yield of up to 5 mg/(L∙min). Due to the easy scalability of continuous chromatography, the process is a promising approach for the efficient fractionation of industrially relevant amounts of magnetic nanoparticles.

Keywords magnetic chromatography simulated moving bed chromatography magnetic nanoparticles size fractionation

Corresponding Author(s): Matthias Franzreb

Just Accepted Date: 11 March 2021 Online First Date: 27 April 2021 Issue Date: 30 August 2021

Cite this article:

Carsten-Rene Arlt,Dominik Brekel,Stefan Neumann, et al. Continuous size fractionation of magnetic nanoparticles by using simulated moving bed chromatography[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 1346-1355.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-021-2040-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I5/1346

Fig.1 Dynamic light scattering—size analyses of nanoparticle suspensions containing synomag respectively nanomag nanoparticles. The respective volume density distribution share q₃ of the nanoparticles was plotted against their hydrodynamic diameter.

Fig.2 Scheme of a SMB size fractionation process with a four-column configuration.

Fig.3 Visualization of the determination of characteristic retention times of the coarses and fines fractions. (a) Chromatogram of a single column experiment when injecting a pulse of a nanoparticle suspension having a broad size distribution. Because of the magnetic interaction the retention time of the different particles is size dependent, resulting in a broad peak with smaller particles leaving the column earlier than larger ones. Thus, a first section of the peak can be defined as fines, whereas the second section is defined as coarses. The locations of the respective peak area centers of the two sections define the characteristic retention volumes as well as the corresponding characteristic retention times. From these the respective Henry coefficients can be determined. (b) Visualization of coarse and fine material size distribution as a bimodal separation experiment.

Fig.4 Chromatograms of the magnetic chromatography experiments for size fractionation of the nanoparticle suspensions and the corresponding DLS analysis results. In the experiments, a sample volume of 500 µL containing a nanoparticle suspension of 0.25 mg/mL was injected into a constant buffer feed stream of 4 mL/min. The DLS results of the collected effluent samples show the mass median diameter (D₅₀) and the break points of the largest and smallest 10% of the nanoparticle species (D₁₀ + D₉₀). (a,b) synomag particles; (c,d) nanomag particles.

Tab.1 Calculated Henry parameters from single column experiments for the determination of the SMB running parameters

Tab.2 Photometrically determined mass fractions of the product streams of the SMB experiments

Fig.5 Results of the size distribution analyses of the product streams resulting from continuous size fractionation experiments of suspensions of synomag (a,b) and nanomag (c,d) nanoparticles. The SMB experiments were run in duplicates. DLS analyses were performed to measure the mass median diameter (D₅₀) and the break points of the largest and smallest 10% of the nanoparticle species (D₁₀ + D₉₀). (a) and (c) show the relative differences of the particles sizes in the extract and raffinate when compared with the particle sizes in the feed. (b) and (d) show the volume density (q₃) distribution of the feed as well as the coarse and fines fractions together with the resulting separation efficiency curve (red). The blue lines indicate the particle sizes at which the separation efficiency reaches 25% and 75%.

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