Carbon-doped surface unsaturated sulfur enriched CoS<sub>2</sub>@rGO aerogel pseudocapacitive anode and biomass-derived porous carbon cathode for advanced lithium-ion capacitors

doi:10.1007/s11705-021-2086-2

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (6) : 1500-1513 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-021-2086-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Carbon-doped surface unsaturated sulfur enriched CoS₂@rGO aerogel pseudocapacitive anode and biomass-derived porous carbon cathode for advanced lithium-ion capacitors

Yunpeng Shang¹, Xiaohong Sun¹(

), Zhe Chen¹, Kunzhou Xiong¹, Yunmei Zhou¹, Shu Cai¹, Chunming Zheng²(

)

¹. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
². School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China

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Abstract

As a hybrid energy storage device of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, lithium-ion capacitors have the potential to meet the demanding needs of energy storage equipment with both high power and energy density. In this work, to solve the obstacle to the application of lithium-ion capacitors, that is, the balancing problem of the electrodes kinetic and capacity, two electrodes are designed and adequately matched. For the anode, we introduced in situ carbon-doped and surface-enriched unsaturated sulfur into the graphene conductive network to prepare transition metal sulfides, which enhances the performance with a faster lithium-ion diffusion and dominant pseudocapacitive energy storage. Therefore, the lithium-ion capacitors anode material delivers a remarkable capacity of 810 mAh∙g^–1 after 500 cycles at 1 A∙g^–1. On the other hand, the biomass-derived porous carbon as the cathode also displays a superior capacity of 114.2 mAh∙g^–1 at 0.1 A∙g^–1. Benefitting from the appropriate balance of kinetic and capacity between two electrodes, the lithium-ion capacitors exhibits superior electrochemical performance. The assembled lithium-ion capacitors demonstrate a high energy density of 132.9 Wh∙kg^–1 at the power density of 265 W∙kg^–1, and 50.0 Wh∙kg^–1 even at 26.5 kW∙kg^–1. After 10000 cycles at 1 A∙g^–1, lithium-ion capacitors still demonstrate the high energy density retention of 81.5%.

Keywords in-situ carbon-doped surface unsaturated sulfur enriched pseudocapacitive energy storage biomass-derived carbon lithium-ion capacitors

Corresponding Author(s): Xiaohong Sun,Chunming Zheng

Online First Date: 27 September 2021 Issue Date: 09 November 2021

Cite this article:

Yunpeng Shang,Xiaohong Sun,Zhe Chen, et al. Carbon-doped surface unsaturated sulfur enriched CoS₂@rGO aerogel pseudocapacitive anode and biomass-derived porous carbon cathode for advanced lithium-ion capacitors[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(6): 1500-1513.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-021-2086-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I6/1500

Fig.1 SEM and TEM images of (a) CS-CoS₂, (b) CS-CoS₂@rGO, and (c) CoS₂@rGO; HRTEM images of (d) CS-CoS₂, (e) CS-CoS₂@rGO, and (f) CoS₂@rGO; (g) elemental mapping distribution of CS-CoS₂@rGO by EDS.

Fig.2 (a) XRD patterns, (b) Raman spectra, (c) TG curves, (d) XPS survey spectra and (e) Co 2p deconvolution XPS spectra of three samples; (f) S 2p deconvolution XPS spectra of CS-CoS₂@rGO.

Fig.3 (a) CV curves at 0.1 mV?s^–1 from 0.01 to 3 V and (b) charge/discharge curves at 0.1 A?g^–1 of CS-CoS₂@rGO; (c) rate performance, (d) EIS spectra, and (e) cycle performance at 1 A?g^–1 of three samples.

Fig.4 GITT curves of (a) CS-CoS₂@rGO and (b) CoS₂@rGO; (c and d) linear fit of V and τ^0.5; (e) Li⁺ diffusion coefficients of CS-CoS₂@rGO and CoS₂@rGO; (f) CV curves of CS-CoS₂@rGO at different scan rates; (g) b values of CS-CoS₂@rGO; (h) capacitance contribution at 1 mV?s^–1; (i) capacitance contribution at different scan rates.

Fig.5 SEM images of (a) C-D, (b) C-G, and (c) C-H; (d) nitrogen desorption/adsorption curves, (e) pore size distribution, (f) XRD patterns, (g) Raman spectra, and (h) XPS survey spectra of C-D, C-G and C-H; (i) S 2p and (j) C 1s deconvolution XPS spectra of C-D.

Fig.6 (a) CV curves of C-D at different scan rates; (b) CV curves of C-D, C-G, and C-H at 0.1 mV?s^–1; (c) GCD curves of C-D at different current densities; (d) GCD curves at 0.1 A?g^–1 and (e) cycle performance at 1 A?g^–1 of C-D, C-G, and C-H.

Fig.7 Electrochemical performance of the assembled LIC: (a) schematic diagram of energy storage mechanism, (b) GCD curves of anode and cathode, (c) Ragone diagram under different mass ratios of cathode and anode, (d) CV curves from 1 to 20 mV?s^–1, (e) GCD curves at different current densities, (f) EIS spectra at 25 °C and –10 °C, (g) Ragone plots of this work and the recent reports, and (h) cycle performance at 25 °C and –10 °C.

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