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Frontiers of Earth Science

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Front Earth Sci    2011, Vol. 5 Issue (2) : 170-177    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-011-0155-4
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Ecological effect caused by hydraulic engineering construction
Jie LIU(), Fan CHEN, Qing CUI, Yun JIANG
Appraisal Center for Environment & Engineering, State Environmental Protection Administration, Beijing 100012, China
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Abstract

This paper summarized the main ecological impact of hydraulic engineering to the hydrology and the sediment of the river, built up the index system assessing the ecological effect of the hydraulic engineering, and structured the integrative assessment model. This model was applied using the case project to verify the feasibility of integrative assessment system.
Keywords hydraulic engineering      ecological effect      the index system      integrative assessment indexes     
Corresponding Author(s): LIU Jie,Email:liujie@acee.org.cn   
Issue Date: 05 June 2011
 Cite this article:   
Jie LIU,Fan CHEN,Qing CUI, et al. Ecological effect caused by hydraulic engineering construction[J]. Front Earth Sci, 2011, 5(2): 170-177.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-011-0155-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2011/V5/I2/170
Classification of impactMain performanceMain impact
Change of water level, and water depthAfter the reservoir has finished the storage of water, since the dam intercepts and stores water, the water level in front of the dam rises obviously. Then, the depth of water in the reservoir has increased in different degree from the front of dam to the end of the reservoirThe change of water level and water depth in the reservoir will cause the change of coast stability of the reservoir bank as well as the change of water temperature and water quality in the reservoir
Change of water area, and the change of water velocity and fluid stateSince the reservoir is submerged, some original land will be changed into water territory, the water area in the reservoir will increase greatlyThe submergence of the reservoir will cause a large number of immigration. From ecological angle, the submergence region will change from land habitat into aquatic habitat
After the reservoir stores with water, the water level in the reservoir region will increase, the depth of water will enlarge, the water surface gradient will slow down, and the water velocity will become smaller. The partial shore of the reservoir may have circumfluence. At the mouth of branches merged into reservoir, the originally torrential river will change into backwater regions, the flow velocity of the river will reduce greatlyThe change of flow velocity and fluid state will impact the water quality and aquatic lives especially fishes
Tab.1  Hydrologic effect of hydraulic engineering on the reservoir
Classification of impactContent of main impact
Change of flow rateDuring high flow period, the flow rate is smaller than natural inflow, and during drought period, the flow rate is larger than natural inflow, the flow rate process trends to homogenize
Change of water levelDuring flood season, since the reservoir has effect for storing floodwater, the highest water level of the flood is lower than natural status, but the flood water level will last for a longer time. During drought period, the drain water volume is larger than natural inflow, so the water level under the dam is relatively higher than the natural situation
Change of flow velocityThe change situation of water velocity is correspondent to the change process of flow rate at the river section under the dam, and its change is basically consistent with the change situation of water level
Tab.2  Hydrologic effect of hydraulic engineering on dam’s downstream
Class of the effectCharacterized indexes
First class effectwater regime change index C1
attainment rate of water quality C2
Annual average desilting ratio of the reservoir C3
Water temperature stratification index of the reservoir C4
Submerge area of the project C5
Second class effectZooplankton diversity index C6
Algae diversity index C7
Fish integrality index C8
Wetland area change rate C9
Geologic hazard frequency C10
Regional climate change degree C11
Third class effectAir and sea traffic or service connection guarantee rate C12
Regional investment environment condition C13
Industrial and agricultural production condition improvement degree C14
Immigrant annual average income amplitude C15
per capita health condition C16
Tourist environment improvement degree C17
Tab.3  Index system for assessing ecological effects of hydraulic engineering
Evaluation indexStandardized classification
-4-3-2-101234
Water regime change index C1≤0.700.800.901.051.25
attainment rate of water quality C2/%013253850637588100
Annual average desilting ratio of the reservoir C3/%≤5065758595100
Water temperature stratification index of the reservoir C4≤37101520304050≥60
Submerge area of the project C5≥10050–10020–500–200
Zooplankton diversity index C6≤0.20.81.32.02.53.03.74.5≥6.0
Algae diversity index C7≤0.20.81.32.02.53.03.74.5≥6.0
Fish integrality index C8≤0.20.40.70.91.01.52.02.5≥3.0
Wetland area change rate C9≤0.20.40.70.91.01.21.51.8≥2.0
Geologic hazard frequency C10 (fold)≥2.01.51.21.110.80.50.20
Regional climate change degree C11SevereSeriousGreaterSo-soNoneGoodGoodVery good
Air and sea traffic or service connection guarantee rate C12/%≤2030405060708090100
Regional investment environment condition C13SevereBadWorseMediumBetterGoodVery good
Industrial and agricultural production condition improvement degree C14SevereBadWorseMediumBetterGoodVery good
Immigrant annual average income amplitude C15Fall sharplyReduceUnchangedIncreaseMoreRich
per capita health condition C16SevereBadWorseMediumBetterGoodVery good
Tourist environment improvement degree C17SevereBadWorseMediumBetterGoodVery good
Tab.4  The index criterions on ecological evaluation index for the hydraulic engineering
Integrative index of the impactRelative meaning of the evaluated index
-4<R≤-3It is overall negative effect,and the negative effect is specially serious, so special treatment need to be made to hydraulic engineering and dismantlement should be considered
-3<R≤-2It is overall negative effect,and the negative effect is serious, special precautionary measures need to be considered to eliminate or alleviate negative effect
-2<R≤-1It is overall negative effect,and the negative effect is so-so, which can be relieved or eliminated after adopting suitable engineering or non-engineering measures
-1<R≤0It is overall negative effect,and the degree is slight, after proper measures are enhanced and adopted, it can be eliminated completely
0<R≤1It is overall positive effect,and the degree is weak, if the operation and management measures are improper, the negative effect may be caused
1<R≤2It is overall positive effect,and the degree is so-so, so there is no bad impact to the regional ecological system
2<R≤3It is overall positive effect,and the negative effect is in good stage that has good stimulation effect to the regional ecological system
3<R≤4It is overall positive effect,and the negative effect is in excellent stage, that has obvious improvement effect for stabilizing regional ecological system
Tab.5  Grades of the integrative ecological index () of the hydraulic engineering
Assessment indexCriterion layer belonged and its weighingWeighing in criterion layerCurrent situation valueResponded quality valueProduct between weighing and responded valueAccumulation of reaction in this layerIntegrative index
1. Water regime change indexFirst class reaction Bt,Wi = 0.3450.250.70-4-1-2.075-0.568615
2. Attainment rate of water quality/%0.25832.50.625
3. Annual average desilting ratio of the reservoir/%0.2065-3-0.6
4. Water temperature stratification index of the reservoir0.200.5-4-0.8
5. Submerge area of the project/km20.1080-3-0.3
6. Zooplankton diversity indexSecond class reaction Bt,Wi = 0.2730.150.8-3-0.45-0.58
7. Algae diversity index0.150.9-2.8-0.42
8. Fish integrality index0.201.10.20.04
9. Wetland area change rate0.201.5020.4
10. Geologic hazard frequency (fold)0.151.2-2-0.3
11. Regional climate change condition0.15Better10.15
12. Air and sea traffic or service connection guarantee rate/%Third class reaction Bt,Wi = 0.3820.1520-4-0.60.8
13. Regional investment environment condition0.15Better10.15
14.Industrial and agricultural production condition improvement0.20Better10.2
15. Change of immigrant annual average income0.15So-so00
16. Population’s health condition0.20Good30.6
17. Tourist environment improvement0.15Good30.45
Tab.6  Integrative assessment index of ecological effect in the case project
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