Differences in sedimentary filling and its controlling factors in rift lacustrine basins, East China: A case study from Qikou and Nanpu sags

doi:10.1007/s11707-011-0159-0

Front Earth Sci

2011, Vol. 5

Issue (1) : 82-96 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-011-0159-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Differences in sedimentary filling and its controlling factors in rift lacustrine basins, East China: A case study from Qikou and Nanpu sags

Hua WANG¹(

), Shu JIANG², Chuanyan HUANG¹, Hua JIANG³, Huajun GAN¹

1. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; 2. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China

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Abstract

The rift lacustrine basin is characterized by a variety of sediment sources, multiple sedimentary systems, and complex filling, and its sediment supply is largely influenced by climate change. The sedimentary filling and its controlling factors have always been the focuses in basin analysis. This paper first reviews the recent advancement in rift lacustrine basin investigations with an emphasis on the structural controlling on lacustrine configuration, accommodation, and directly structural controlling on basin filling characteristics. The paleogeography resulted from spatial configuration of structural styles, and the sediment supplies synergically determine the types and distribution of depositional systems. The sedimentary filling characteristics of the fourth-order sequence record the evolution of cyclic climate. The case studies are followed on the basis of the sedimentary filling analysis in typical Nanpu sag and Qikou sag in Huanghua rift lacustrine basins in East China. The comparison of sedimentary fillings within sequence stratigraphic frameworks in the two sags shows the different episodic tectonic activities, and their resulting structural frameworks mainly controlled the different sequence stratigraphic developments, their internal architectures, and depositional systems distribution. Qikou sag has more complicate sedimentary filling controlled by episodic activities of boundary and intrabasin secondary faults and sediment supplies. Based on the studies from our own and the formers, we suggest that the sedimentary filling study in rift lacustrine basin should be under the guidance of sequence stratigraphy, use high resolution seismic and all available geological data, combine tectonic evolution and structural styles to build the sequence framework, and then reconstruct the paleo-structure and paleogeography. Studying the relationship between paleogeography and paleo-sedimentary filling can favor the understanding of the characteristics of sedimentary systems development and help in predicting the potential reservoir distribution. The result of this work can be applied directly to the exploration of energy resources.

Keywords rift lacustrine basin, East China different sedimentary filling, sequence stratigraphy, controlling factors, Qikou sag, Nanpu sag

Corresponding Author(s): WANG Hua,Email:wanghua@cgu.edu.cn

Issue Date: 05 March 2011

Cite this article:

Hua WANG,Shu JIANG,Chuanyan HUANG, et al. Differences in sedimentary filling and its controlling factors in rift lacustrine basins, East China: A case study from Qikou and Nanpu sags[J]. Front Earth Sci, 2011, 5(1): 82-96.

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https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-011-0159-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2011/V5/I1/82

Fig.1 Syndepositional faults of different types ((a) comb shaped, (b) brush shaped, (c) fork shaped) to control the spatial distributions of sand fan delta ()

Fig.2 Sequence stratigraphic architectures in different locations of a rift lacustrine basin (). The accommodation and sediment supply vary in different locations. LST-lowstand systems tract; EST-Expanding systems tract; HST-highstand systems tract

Fig.3 Sequence stratigraphic framework in rift lacustrine basin and sand body distribution (). (a) Faults in half graben and their controls on sequence framework; (b) the relay zones in rift lacustrine basin and their controls on sediment supply and delivery

Fig.4 Sedimentary filling models during different episodes in rift period, Oligocene Dongying depression, in China (). This shows that the tectonic activity mainly controls the sedimentary filling, while the sedimentary compensation and lake level fluctuation mainly control the spatial distribution pattern of sedimentary filling

Fig.5 Location of Qikou sag and Nanpu sag and their geologic setting ()

Fig.6 Comparison of the sedimentary filling succession between Qikou sag and Nanpu sag

Fig.7 Sequence stratigraphic evolution in Qikou sag. From bottom to top: three stages of the sequence framework are shown, i.e., members 3 to 2 of Oligocene Shahejie formation, member 1 of Oligocene Shahejie formation, and Oligocene Dongying formation. The sedimentary system distribution in the sequence framework shows the sediment supply and faults that control the systems tract and sandbodies distribution

Fig.8 Sequence stratigraphic evolution in Nanpu Sag from Es3 to Es1 through Ed, showing stratigraphic distribution controlled by faults at different times. Es3: the period corresponding to member 3 of Oligocene Shahejie formation, Es1: the period corresponding to member 1 of Oligocene Shahejie formation, Ed: Oligocene Dongying period, LST: Lowstand systems tract, EST: Expanding systems tract, HST: Highstand systems tract, Ed: Oligocene Dongying Formation, Es1: the first member of Oligocene Shahejie Formation

Fig.9 Sedimentary thicknesses in main periods of basin development in Qikou Sag. The hot color means thin strata, and the cold color represents thick strata. of Oligocene Dongying formation; of Oligocene Shahejie formation; Es2= member 2 of Oligocene Shahejie formation; of Oligocene Shahejie formation

Fig.10 Sedimentary thickness in the main periods of the basin development in Nanpu Sag. The hot color means thin strata, and the cold color represents thick strata. Ed2= member 2 of Oligocene Dongying formation; of Oligocene Shahejie formation; Es2= member 2of Oligocene Shahejie formation ; Es34+ 5= member 3 of Oligocene Shahejie formation

Fig.11 Diagram showing the controlling factors of sedimentary filling in lacustrine Basin, which shows that the sedimentary filling is the synthetic results from interactions between tectonism, lake level, climate, and sediment supply

Fig.12 Overlapping of structural paleogeography and sedimentary system in member 3 of Oligocene Shahejie formation in Qikou sag, showing controls of the paleogeography on sediment transportation and sedimentary system distribution

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