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Frontiers of Earth Science

ISSN 2095-0195

ISSN 2095-0209(Online)

CN 11-5982/P

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Front Earth Sci    2013, Vol. 7 Issue (3) : 375-383    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-013-0379-6
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Zinc phosphate dissolution by bacteria isolated from an oligotrophic karst cave in central China
Hongmei WANG(), Qiang DONG, Jianping ZHOU, Xing XIANG
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Abstract

Biogeochemical processes are fundamental to sustain the ecosystem in subsurface caves, but to date they are still far from well understood. To investigate microbially mediated phosphorus and zinc cycles, we isolated three bacterial strains from the dripping water in Heshang cave, central China, identified as Exiguobacterium aurantiacum E11, Pseudomonas fluorescens P35, and Pseudomonas poae P41, respectively. Microbial capabilities in the dissolution of phosphorus-containing minerals were tested with zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2) in batch culture at 30°C. A spectrophotometer, atomic absorption spectrum, and scanning electronic microscopy were used to measure the microbial growth, soluble Zn(II) concentration, and to observe the morphology of Zn3(PO4)2 before and after microbial dissolution. P. fluorescens and P. poae, the well-known phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), are observed to solubilize Zn3(PO4)2 with an efficiency of 16.7% and 17.6%, respectively. To our knowledge, E. aurantiacum is firstly reported in this study to dissolve phosphorous-containing minerals with a higher efficiency of 39.7%, expanding our understanding about the ubiquitous occurrence of PSB in natural environments. Aqueous Zn(II) concentration positively correlates with H+ activity, confirming the presence of acidification mechanisms widely exploited by PSB. Few itching pits were observed on the surface of Zn3(PO4)2 after microbial dissolution, inferring that microbial dissolution is not always associated with the direct contact with minerals. Even though the soluble Zn(II) concentration reached up to 370 mg/L in the system inoculated with E. aurantiacum E11, inhibition of microbial growth was not detected by spectrophotometer. Our laboratory data revealed the importance of microbially-mediated P and Zn cycles in the subsurface ecosystem.
Keywords karst cave      phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)      zinc toxicity      biogeochemical process      subsurface biosphere     
Corresponding Author(s): WANG Hongmei,Email:wanghmei04@163.com   
Issue Date: 05 September 2013
 Cite this article:   
Qiang DONG,Jianping ZHOU,Xing XIANG, et al. Zinc phosphate dissolution by bacteria isolated from an oligotrophic karst cave in central China[J]. Front Earth Sci, 2013, 7(3): 375-383.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-013-0379-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2013/V7/I3/375
Fig.1  Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the three bacterial isolates from the dripping water in Heshang Cave, Hubei central China. The isolates were bolded in the figure. A. E11; B. P35; C. P41.
Fig.2  Growth curves (A), variations in pH (B) and aqueous Zn(II) concentration (C) in microbial inoculated systems in MSM amended with Zn(PO).
Fig.3  The relationship between H activity and soluble Zn(II) concentration in the inoculated systems with E11, P35, P41 in MSM amended with Zn(PO) A correlation between pH values and H activity was also showed in the abiotic system in which the pH was adjusted with diluted HCl.
Fig.4  SEM images of zinc phosphate in the abiotic and biotic systems collected at the end of experiments. A. Zinc phosphate particle in abiotic system; B. Bacteria assemblage and cells attached to the surface of zinc phosphate particles (indicated by the red arrow); C. The attached cells and itching pitches on the surface of zinc phosphate particles (indicated by the red arrow).
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[1] Hongmei WANG, Qianying LIU, Deng LIU, Xuan QIU, Linfeng GONG, Cuiping ZENG, . Calcium carbonate precipitation induced by a bacterium strain isolated from an oligotrophic cave in Central China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2010, 4(2): 148-151.
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