Major transgression during Late Cretaceous constrained by basin sediments in northern Africa: implication for global rise in sea level

doi:10.1007/s11707-017-0661-0

Front. Earth Sci.

2017, Vol. 11

Issue (4) : 740-750 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-017-0661-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Major transgression during Late Cretaceous constrained by basin sediments in northern Africa: implication for global rise in sea level

Kaixuan AN^1,², Hanlin CHEN^1,², Xiubin LIN^1,²(

), Fang WANG^1,², Shufeng YANG^1,², Zhixin WEN³, Zhaoming WANG³, Guangya ZHANG³, Xiaoguang TONG⁴

¹. School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
². Research Center for Structures in Oil- and Gas-Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310027, China
³. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina Co. Ltd, Beijing 100083, China
⁴. China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation, Beijing 100083, China

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Abstract

The global rise in sea level during the Late Cretaceous has been an issue under discussion by the international geological community. Despite the significance, its impact on the deposition of continental basins is not well known. This paper presents the systematic review on stratigraphy and sedimentary facies compiled from 22 continental basins in northern Africa. The results indicate that the region was dominated by sediments of continental facies during Early Cretaceous, which were replaced by deposits of marine facies in Late Cretaceous. The spatio-temporal distribution of sedimentary facies suggests marine facies deposition reached as far south as Taoudeni-Iullemmeden-Chad-Al Kufra-Upper Egypt basins during Turonian to Campanian. These results indicate that northern Africa underwent significant transgression during Late Cretaceous reaching its peak during Turonian to Coniacian. This significant transgression has been attributed to the global high sea-level during this time. Previous studies show that global rise in sea level in Late Cretaceous may have been driven by an increase in the volume of ocean water (attributed to high CO₂ concentration and subsequently warm climate) and a decrease in the volume of the ocean basin (attributed to rapid production of oceanic crust and seamounts). Tectonic mechanism of rapid production of oceanic crust and seamounts could play a fundamental role in driving the global rise in sea level and subsequent transgression in northern Africa during Late Cretaceous.

Keywords global sea-level changes Late Cretaceous transgression sedimentary facies northern Africa

Corresponding Author(s): Xiubin LIN

Just Accepted Date: 13 June 2017 Online First Date: 07 July 2017 Issue Date: 10 November 2017

Cite this article:

Kaixuan AN,Hanlin CHEN,Xiubin LIN, et al. Major transgression during Late Cretaceous constrained by basin sediments in northern Africa: implication for global rise in sea level[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2017, 11(4): 740-750.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-017-0661-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2017/V11/I4/740

Fig.1 The locations of basins in northern Africa cited in the study; gray shaded regions indicate the basins with available stratigraphic data. The dark straight lines show the three stratigraphic sections described in this study. 1. Sierra Leone-Liberia Basin; 2. Senegal MSGBC (abbreviation of Mauritania-Senegal-Gambia-Guinea-Bissau-Cape Verde) Basin; 3. Aaiun-Tarfaya Basin; 4. Tindouf Basin; 5. Taoudeni Basin; 6. Reggane Basin; 7. Anhet Basin; 8. Oued Mya Basin; 9. Iullemmeden Basin; 10. Chad Basin; 11. Murzuq Basin; 12. Ghadames Basin; 13. Djefara Basin; 14. Pelagian Basin; 15. Sirte Basin; 16. Marmarica Basin; 17. Nile Delta Basin; 18. Upper Egypt Basin; 19. Al Kufra Basin; 20. Khartoum Basin; 21. Melut Basin; 22. Muglad Basin.

Fig.2 The W-E-direct stratigraphic section W-E in northern Africa, including the stratigraphic data from Senegal MSGBC, Taoudeni, Iullemmeden, Chad, and Al Kufra Basins from west to east. Stratigraphic data were obtained from the IHS energy database. Location of the section is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.3 The N-S-direct stratigraphic section N-S-1 in northern Africa, including the stratigraphic data from Nile Delta, Upper Egypt, Khartoum, Melut and Muglad Basins from north to south. Stratigraphic data were obtained from the IHS energy database. Location of the section is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.4 The N-S-direct stratigraphic section N-S-2 in northern Africa, including the stratigraphic data from Pelagian, Sirte, Ghadames, Murzuq and Chad Basins from north to south. Stratigraphic data were obtained from the IHS energy database. Location of the section is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.5 Sedimentary facies distributions in northern Africa from Berriasian to Barremian, including time segments of (a) Berriasian, (b) Valanginian, (c) Hauterivian, and (d) Barremian. Sedimentary facies have been simplified into three types, including fluvo-alluvial, lacustrine, and marine facies. Number labels represent the same basins as in Fig. 1.

Fig.6 Sedimentary facies distributions in northern Africa from Aptian to Turonian, including time segments of (a) Aptian, (b) Albian, (c) Cenomanian, and (d) Turonian. Sedimentary facies have been simplified into three types, including fluvo-alluvial, lacustrine, and marine facies. Number labels represent the same basins as in Fig. 1.

Fig.7 Sedimentary facies distributions in northern Africa from Coniacian to Maastrichtian, including time segments of (a) Coniacian, (b) Santonian, (c) Campanian, and (d) Maastrichtian. Sedimentary facies have been simplified into three types, including fluvo-alluvial, lacustrine, and marine facies. Number labels represent the same basins as in Fig. 1.

Fig.8 The relative sea-level changes obtained in this study compared with eustatic curve (Haq, 2014). Average distance between continental coast line and tip of marine facies deposition was used to represent the relative sea-level curve.

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