Structural characteristics and implication on tectonic evolution of the Daerbute strike-slip fault in West Junggar area, NW China

doi:10.1007/s11707-018-0686-z

Front. Earth Sci.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (3) : 555-568 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-018-0686-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Structural characteristics and implication on tectonic evolution of the Daerbute strike-slip fault in West Junggar area, NW China

Kongyou WU^1,²(

), Yangwen PEI^1,³(

), Tianran LI¹, Xulong WANG⁴, Yin LIU¹, Bo LIU¹, Chao MA¹, Mei HONG¹

¹. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
². Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
³. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
⁴. Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay 834000, China

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Abstract

The Daerbute fault zone, located in the northwestern margin of the Junggar basin, in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is a regional strike-slip fault with a length of ~ 400 km. The NE-SW trending Daerbute fault zone presents a distinct linear trend in plain view, cutting through both the Zair Mountain and the Hala’alate Mountain. Because of the intense contraction and shearing, the rocks within the fault zone experienced high degree of cataclasis, schistosity, and mylonization, resulting in rocks that are easily eroded to form a valley with a width of 300–500 m and a depth of 50–100 m after weathering and erosion. The well-exposed outcrops along the Daerbute fault zone present sub-horizontal striations and sub-vertical fault steps, indicating sub-horizontal shearing along the observed fault planes. Flower structures and horizontal drag folds are also observed in both the well-exposed outcrops and high-resolution satellite images. The distribution of accommodating strike-slip splay faults, e.g., the 973-pluton fault and the Great Jurassic Trough fault, are in accordance with the Riedel model of simple shear. The seismic and time-frequency electromagnetic (TFEM) sections also demonstrate the typical strike-slip characteristics of the Daerbute fault zone. Based on detailed field observations of well-exposed outcrops and seismic sections, the Daerbute fault can be subdivided into two segments: the western segment presents multiple fault cores and damage zones, whereas the eastern segment only presents a single fault core, in which the rocks experienced a higher degree of rock cataclasis, schistosity, and mylonization. In the central overlapping portion between the two segments, the sediments within the fault zone are primarily reddish sandstones, conglomerates, and some mudstones, of which the palynological tests suggest middle Permian as the timing of deposition. The deformation timing of the Daerbute fault was estimated by integrating the depocenters’ basinward migration and initiation of the splay faults (e.g., the Great Jurassic Trough fault and the 973-pluton fault). These results indicate that there were probably two periods of faulting deformation for the Daerbute fault. By integrating our study with previous studies, we speculate that the Daerbute fault experienced a two-phase strike-slip faulting deformation, commencing with the initial dextral strike-slip faulting in mid-late Permian, and then being inversed to sinistral strike-slip faulting since the Triassic. The results of this study can provide useful insights for the regional tectonics and local hydrocarbon exploration.

Keywords Daerbute fault structural characteristics deformation timing West Junggar

Corresponding Author(s): Kongyou WU,Yangwen PEI

Just Accepted Date: 19 January 2018 Online First Date: 20 March 2018 Issue Date: 05 September 2018

Cite this article:

Kongyou WU,Yangwen PEI,Tianran LI, et al. Structural characteristics and implication on tectonic evolution of the Daerbute strike-slip fault in West Junggar area, NW China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2018, 12(3): 555-568.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-018-0686-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2018/V12/I3/555

Fig.1 Geologic setting of the NW Junggar Orogen belt, in which the Daerbute fault zone is an important strike-slip fault in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. (a) Inset map of the study area in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. (b) Structural map of the NW Junggar Orogen belt. The Daerbute fault, NE-striking, is a sinistral strike-slip fault that controls the deformation of the Junggar basin. (F1: Daerbute fault; F2: Great Jurassic Trough fault; F3: 973-pluton strike-slip fault; F4: Tuoli fault; F5: Baerleike fault; F6: Karamay-Baikouquan fault; F7: Wuerhe-Xiazijie fault). The U-Pb ages of the intrusions are from ^{Yang et al. (2012}, ^2013a),^{Yin et al. (2015)}, and ^{Chen et al. (2016)}.

Fig.2 Satellite image interpretation and structural features of the representative outcrops of the Daerbute fault zone. (a) Satellite image interpretation, including fault trace mapping, river systems, and intrusive plutons. (b) Representative outcrop of the mid-Permian sediments (i.e., sandy conglomerates) that are bounded by the Daerbute fault zone. (c) An overview section from the Kekehula profile, presenting topographic response to the strike-slip faulting of the Daerbute fault. (d) Plain view drag folds developed due to the sinistral strike-slip faulting along the Daerbute fault. F1: Daerbute fault; F2: Great Jurassic Trough fault; F3: 973-pluton fault.

Fig.3 Interpreted flower structures in well-exposed outcrops and structural sketches at: (a?b) Liushugou profile and (c?d) Baiyanghe profile (see positions of outcrops in Fig. 2(a)). Both profiles present classic positive flower structures, comprising central sub-vertical faults and relatively low-angle splay faults in the two sides.

Fig.4 Horizontal/sub-horizontal slickensides of the outcrops in primary fault plane of the Daerbute fault zone, at the (a) Liushugou profile; (b) Kekehula profile; (c) Baiyanghe profile (see positions of outcrops in Fig. 2(a)). The slickensides present low-angle dips, ranging from 0° to 20°, indicating sub-horizontal shearing between the two walls. The slickensides in these three outcrops all suggest sinistral strike-slip along the fault planes.

Fig.5 Interpretation of the seismic reflection and time-frequency electromagnetic sections (TFEM). (a) Seismic section (section A-A′ in Fig. 1); (b) Time-frequency electromagnetic section (TFEM) (section B-B′ in Fig. 1). Based on the seismic reflectors’ features, positive flower structures are interpreted, which accounts for the uplift of the Zair Mountain. The time-frequency electromagnetic section (TFEM) also demonstrates structural features that are properly interpreted with positive flower structures. Abbreviations of sediments: C-Carboniferous; P-Permian; P₁-Early Permian; P₂-Middle Permian; T-Triassic; J-Jurassic; K-Cretaceous; Q-Quaternary.

Fig.6 Structural characteristics of fault zone of the Daerbute fault. (a) Outcrop of eastern segment of the Daerbute fault; (b) outcrop of western segment of the Daerbute fault (see outcrop positions in Fig. 2(a)). Fault cores and damage zones can be interpreted in the representative outcrops based on the magnitude of cataclasis, schistosity and mylonization. FC: fault core; DZ: damage zone.

Fig.7 Seismic interpretation delineating the control of the splay fault (i.e., the Karamay-Baikouquan Fault) of the Daerbute fault on the sedimentation of the northwest Junggar basin. The seismic interpretation of the hanging wall is well-constrained by the wells GU55, KE98, GU92a, and GU53, and the footwall is constrained by well 423 (See position in Fig. 1, section C-C′). Abbreviations of sediments: P₁j-Jiamuhe Formation; P₁f-Fengcheng Formation; P₂x-Xiazijie Formation; P₂₊₃w-Wurhe Formation.

Tab.1 Results of sporopollen tests of sedimentary rocks in the Liushugou segment of the Daerbute fault. Lithology, coordinates and sporopollen spectrum are provided for the samples

Fig.8 Schematic maps delineating tectonic evolution of the NW Junggar Orogen belt (see position in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2(a)). The Daerbute fault was initially dextral from the late Carboniferous to the mid-Permian and inversed to be sinistral since the late Permian. This resulted in a pull-apart basin in which the mid-Permian sediments were deposited, being constrained by the splay faults of the Daerbute fault.

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