Estimation of wind speeds inside Super Typhoon Nepartak from AMSR2 low-frequency brightness temperatures

doi:10.1007/s11707-018-0698-8

Front. Earth Sci.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (1) : 124-131 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-018-0698-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Estimation of wind speeds inside Super Typhoon Nepartak from AMSR2 low-frequency brightness temperatures

Lei ZHANG¹, Xiaobin YIN²(

), Hanqing SHI¹, Zhenzhan WANG³, Qing XU⁴

¹. Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China
². Beijing Piesat Information Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing 100195, China
³. National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
⁴. College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 211101, China

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Abstract

Accurate estimations of typhoon-level winds are highly desired over the western Pacific Ocean. A wind speed retrieval algorithm is used to retrieve the wind speeds within Super Typhoon Nepartak (2016) using 6.9- and 10.7-GHz brightness temperatures from the Japanese Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sensor on board the Global Change Observation Mission-Water 1 (GCOM-W1) satellite. The results show that the retrieved wind speeds clearly represent the intensification process of Super Typhoon Nepartak. A good agreement is found between the retrieved wind speeds and the Soil Moisture Active Passive wind speed product. The mean bias is 0.51 m/s, and the root-mean-square difference is 1.93 m/s between them. The retrieved maximum wind speeds are 59.6 m/s at 04:45 UTC on July 6 and 71.3 m/s at 16:58 UTC on July 6. The two results demonstrate good agreement with the results reported by the China Meteorological Administration and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, Feng-Yun 2G (FY-2G) satellite infrared images, Feng-Yun 3C (FY-3C) microwave atmospheric sounder data, and AMSR2 brightness temperature images are also used to describe the development and structure of Super Typhoon Nepartak.

Keywords microwave radiometer sea surface wind retrieval AMSR2 Nepartak SMAP

Corresponding Author(s): Xiaobin YIN

Just Accepted Date: 02 March 2018 Online First Date: 09 April 2018 Issue Date: 25 January 2019

Cite this article:

Lei ZHANG,Xiaobin YIN,Hanqing SHI, et al. Estimation of wind speeds inside Super Typhoon Nepartak from AMSR2 low-frequency brightness temperatures[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2019, 13(1): 124-131.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-018-0698-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2019/V13/I1/124

Fig.1 The best track positions, minimum central pressure, and maximum wind speed for Super Typhoon Nepartak during July 3?10, 2016, based on analyses from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) typhoon website.

Fig.2 FY-2G satellite infrared images over Super Typhoon Nepartak (a) at 05:00 UTC on July 5, 2016; (b) at 05:00 UTC on July 6, 2016; (c) at 05:00 UTC on July 7, 2016; and (d) at 05:00 UTC on July 8, 2016.

Fig.3 The GCOM-W1 AMSR2 observed 6.9- and 10.7-GHz brightness temperature measurements over Super Typhoon Nepartak at (a) approximately 04:03 UTC on July 5, 2016; (b) approximately 04:46 UTC on July 6, 2016; and (c) approximately 16:58 UTC on July 6, 2016. The hollow pink squares represent the best track positions of Super Typhoon Nepartak based on analyses from the CMA typhoon website.

Fig.4 The FY-3C observed brightness temperatures over Super Typhoon Nepartak on July 6, 2016.

Tab.1 Model coefficients in Eqs. (1) ? (9)

Fig.5 SFMR wind speed retrieval results versus the retrieved wind speeds using the AMSR2 measurements. The color denotes the number of pixels that contributed to the scatter plots.

Fig.6 Wind speed retrieval results from our new algorithm using the GCOM-W1 AMSR2 observed 6.9- and 10.7-GHz brightness temperatures over Super Typhoon Nepartak at (a) approximately 04:02 UTC on July 5, 2016; (b) approximately 04:46 UTC on July 6, 2016; (c) approximately 16:58 UTC on July 6, 2016; and (d) approximately 17:40 UTC on July 7, 2016. The hollow pink squares represent the best track positions for Super Typhoon Nepartak based on analyses from the CMA typhoon website.

Fig.7 (a) SMAP wind speed retrievals versus AMSR2 retrieval results. (b) SMAP wind speed retrievals from the RSS over Super Typhoon Nepartak at approximately 09:13 UTC on July 5, 2016. (c) SMAP wind speed retrievals from the RSS over Super Typhoon Nepartak at approximately 21:58 UTC on July 6, 2016. The hollow pink squares represent the best track positions for Super Typhoon Nepartak based on analyses from the CMA typhoon’s website.

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