Onshore-offshore wind energy resource evaluation based on synergetic use of multiple satellite data and meteorological stations in Jiangsu Province, China

doi:10.1007/s11707-018-0699-7

Front. Earth Sci.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (1) : 132-150 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-018-0699-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Onshore-offshore wind energy resource evaluation based on synergetic use of multiple satellite data and meteorological stations in Jiangsu Province, China

Xianglin WEI^1,², Yuewei DUAN³, Yongxue LIU^1,^2,⁴(

), Song JIN¹, Chao SUN¹

¹. Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
². Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Development and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources of China, Nanjing 210023, China
³. Yunnan Transportation Planning and Design Institute, Kunming 650200,?China
⁴. Jiangsu?Center?for?Collaborative?Innovation?in?Geographical?Information?Resource?Development?and?Application,?Nanjing?210023,?China

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Abstract

The demand for efficient and cost-effective renewable energy is increasing as traditional sources of energy such as oil, coal, and natural gas, can no longer satisfy growing global energy demands. Among renewable energies, wind energy is the most prominent due to its low, manageable impacts on the local environment. Based on meteorological data from 2006 to 2014 and multi-source satellite data (i.e., Advanced Scatterometer, Quick Scatterometer, and Windsat) from 1999 to 2015, an assessment of the onshore and offshore wind energy potential in Jiangsu Province was performed by calculating the average wind speed, average wind direction, wind power density, and annual energy production (AEP). Results show that Jiangsu has abundant wind energy resources, which increase from inland to coastal areas. In onshore areas, wind power density is predominantly less than 200 W/m², while in offshore areas, wind power density is concentrates in the range of 328–500 W/m². Onshore areas comprise more than 13,573.24 km², mainly located in eastern coastal regions with good wind farm potential. The total wind power capacity in onshore areas could be as much as 2.06 × 10⁵ GWh. Meanwhile, offshore wind power generation in Jiangsu Province is calculated to reach 2 × 10⁶ GWh, which is approximately four times the electricity demand of the entire Jiangsu Province. This study validates the effective application of Advanced Scatterometer, Quick Scatterometer, and Windsat data to coastal wind energy monitoring in Jiangsu. Moreover, the methodology used in this study can be effectively applied to other similar coastal zones.

Keywords wind energy resource wind power density ASCAT QuikSCAT Windsat

Corresponding Author(s): Yongxue LIU

Just Accepted Date: 10 April 2018 Online First Date: 21 May 2018 Issue Date: 25 January 2019

Cite this article:

Xianglin WEI,Yuewei DUAN,Yongxue LIU, et al. Onshore-offshore wind energy resource evaluation based on synergetic use of multiple satellite data and meteorological stations in Jiangsu Province, China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2019, 13(1): 132-150.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-018-0699-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2019/V13/I1/132

Fig.1 Geographical location of the study area and the distribution of meteorological observation stations and QuikSCAT–data.

Fig.2 Conceptual diagram of the basic steps of the method used in this study. (a) Applicability analysis of satellite data in Jiangsu Province and data correction; (b) onshore-offshore wind energy resource assessment for Jiangsu Province; and (c) onshore-offshore wind power potential assessment for Jiangsu Province.

Tab.1 Comparison of satellite data used to validate ocean meteorological observations

Fig.3 Correlation analysis of wind speed between QuikSCAT data and ocean meteorological observation data for (a)–(e) the different observation stations and (f) all stations used in this study.

Fig.4 Correlation analysis of wind direction between QuikSCAT data and ocean meteorological observation data for (a)–(e) the different observation stations and (f) all stations used in this study.

Fig.5 Residual error distribution (V_{satellite data –}V_{meteorological data}) before and after adjustment. (a), (d) Comparison before and after ASCAT data correction; (b), (e) Comparison before and after QuikSCAT data correction; and (c), (f) Comparison before and after Windsat data correction.

Tab.2 Wind energy limiting factors and exclusion areas

Tab.3 Characteristics for the reference wind turbines

Fig.6 Onshore-offshore annual average wind speed of Jiangsu Province. (a) Distribution of onshore-offshore wind speed; (b) wind speed statistics for cities; and (c) wind speed statistics of ocean meteorological observation stations.

Tab.4 Hours of effective wind speed for 17 representative stations

Fig.7 Annual hours of effective wind speed at 80 m in Jiangsu Province.

Fig.8 Wind rose diagrams for different ocean meteorological observation stations in the Jiangsu offshore area, 2006–2014.

Fig.9 Spatial distribution of annual average wind power density at 80 m height in Jiangsu Province. (a) Spatial distribution of onshore-offshore annual average wind power density; and (b) three profiles of wind power density from inland to coastal areas (profile locations shown in (a)).

Fig.10 Seasonal variation of average wind power density at the 80 m height in Jiangsu Province: (a) spring; (b) summer; (c) autumn; and (d) winter.

Fig.11 Seasonal variation of average wind power density at 80 m height in Jiangsu Province.

Fig.12 Suitable areas for onshore wind farm development in Jiangsu Province.

Tab.5 Potential wind power resources for different cities in Jiangsu Province

Tab.6 Potential offshore wind power resources at different water depths in Jiangsu

Tab.7 Comparison of wind speed between satellite data and offshore stations

Tab.8 Comparison of wind direction between satellite data and offshore stations

Tab.9 Analysis of interpolation results

Fig.13 Onshore wind speed results for Jiangsu Province determined by the four different interpolation methods: (a) Spline; (b) IDW; (c) Natural Neighbor; (d) Kriging.

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