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Frontiers of Earth Science

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Front. Earth Sci.    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (1) : 209-228    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-018-0708-x
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Lithotectonic elements of Archean basement on the Liaodong Peninsula and its vicinity, North China Craton, China
Zhuang LI1,2(), Bin CHEN3
1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Abstract

The Liaodong Peninsula, in the northeastern part of the Eastern Block in the North China Craton, China, consists of lithologic units from Archean to Cenozoic in age. The basement rocks consist of widespread amphibolite- to granulite-facies Archean supracrustal assemblages and granitoid gneisses, as well as Paleoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary successions that were intruded by granitic–mafic complexes, and then metamorphosed under greenschist- to amphibolite-facies conditions. The basement rocks are overlain by thick Mesoproterozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary sequences. A synthesis of the available petrological and geochronological data allowed us to establish a geological framework for the Precambrian basement on the Liaodong Peninsula and its vicinity. The basement can be subdivided into three tectonic units: the Neoarchean Liaonan Block, the Eo–Neoarchean Longgang Block, and the intervening Paleoproterozoic Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt. In this paper we delineate the characteristics of an Archean tectonothermal event, and in a companion paper we examine the Paleoproterozoic lithotectonic assemblages. Rock samples of the Hadean eon are rare worldwide, but Hadean zircons have been identified in rocks of the Liaodong Peninsula, and they provide one of the oldest known mineralogical records on Earth. The Archean gneisses in the Liaonan Block are dominated by quartz dioritic–granodioritic gneisses that were emplaced between 2.55 and 2.44 Ga, and these rocks later underwent a lower-amphibolite-facies metamorphism. On the other hand, the Archean basement in the Longgang Block is dominated by TTG (tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic) and granitic gneisses, charnockites, and small amounts of supracrustal sequences with much older protolith ages of up to 3.85 Ga, and these rocks have undergone amphibolite- to granulite-facies metamorphism. Post-tectonic magmatism (ca. 2.5 Ga) marked the end of the Archean tectonothermal event in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton.
Keywords Archean      basement      Liaodong Peninsula      North China Craton     
Corresponding Author(s): Zhuang LI   
Just Accepted Date: 07 June 2018   Online First Date: 02 August 2018    Issue Date: 25 January 2019
 Cite this article:   
Zhuang LI,Bin CHEN. Lithotectonic elements of Archean basement on the Liaodong Peninsula and its vicinity, North China Craton, China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2019, 13(1): 209-228.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-018-0708-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2019/V13/I1/209
Fig.1  (a) Schematic map of reconstructed 1.8 Ga Nuna showing the location of the NCC. (b) Geological sketch map of the Liaodong Peninsula and its vicinity. Stars indicate the known locations of Hadean zircons on the Liaodong Peninsula. See Figs. 3 and 4 for more details. (modified after Zhao et al., 2005; Li et al., 2011, 2016b, c)
Fig.2  Geological map of the Archean–Paleoproterozoic basement and post-Paleoproterozoic cover rocks of the Liaodong Peninsula and its vicinity (modified after Li et al., 2005, 2011, 2016a; Pei et al., 2011).
Fig.3  (a) Photographs showing detailed lithological assemblages in Anshan. The thick lines mark the contacts between different rocks. (b) U–Pb concordia diagram for zircons from the fine-grained amphibolite in Anshan City. Insets in Fig. 3(b) show CL and reflected light images of the structure in a 4174 Ma zircon xenocryst, and U–Pb concordia diagrams of magmatic zircons (blue circles) and metamorphic zircons (red circles) (modified after Cui et al., 2013).
Fig.4  (a) Field photograph showing that the staurolite–garnet–mica schist (d) is intercalated with dolomitic marbles (b) and (c) at Dashiqiao. (e) Microphotograph of the staurolite–garnet–mica schist (LHZ1). (f) U–Pb concordia diagram for zircons from the schist. Insets in Fig. 4(f) show a CL image and a schematic of the 4087 Ma detrital zircon, and the U–Pb concordia diagram for the youngest detrital zircons (modified after Li et al., 2016b). Pl= plagioclase; Q= quartz; Ga= garnet; St= staurolite; Bt= biotite.
Fig.5  Regional distribution of Eoarchean to Neoarchean basement in Anshan (modified after Wu et al., 1998; Wan et al., 2001, 2012a, 2015). Each star represents a locality for the ca. 3.8 Ga trondhjemitic gneiss. Legend: 1= Cenozoic cover; 2= Mesozoic granite; 3= Neoproterozoic quartzite; 4= Liaohe Group; 5= BIF in the Anshan Group; 6= ca. 2.5 Ga Qidashan potassium granite; 7= ca. 3.0 Ga Dongshan Granite; 8= ca. 3.0 Ga Tiejiashan Granite; 9= ca. 3.1 Ga Chentaigou Granite; 10= ca. 3.3 Ga Chentaigou supracrustal rocks; 11= 3.8–3.3 Ga Baijiafen, Dongshan, Shengousi, and Guodishan complexes; 12= ultramafic rocks; 13= ca. 3.3 Ga Chentaigou supracrustal rocks; 14= ca. 3.1 Ga Lishan Trondhjemite.
Fig.6  Photographs of representative Eoarchean rocks (a–c), Paleoarchean rocks (d–f), and Mesoarchean rocks (g–i) in Anshan (see Supplementary materials Table S1 and references therein). Pl= plagioclase; Q= quartz; Mi= microcline; Bt= biotite.
Fig.7  Field photographs of representative Mesoarchean rocks in Luanjiajie.
Fig.8  Geological sketch map of the Qingyuan granite–greenstone terrane (modified after Li and Shen, 2000; Wan et al., 2005a; Peng et al., 2015).
Fig.9  (a–i) Photographs of representative Neoarchean supracrustal rocks in Qingyuan. (j) Measured section of the Neoarchean supracrustal sequence along the Fangniugou section. The stars represent the locations of selected samples, and the numbers by each star give the SiO2 content for each sample. Pl = plagioclase; Hb = hornblende; Bt = biotite; Q = quartz.
Fig.10  Photographs of representative Neoarchean granitoids in Qingyuan. Pl= plagioclase; Opx= orthopyroxene; Bt= biotite; Q= quartz.
Fig.11  Digital topographic map of Liaoning Province and its vicinity, showing the relationship between metamorphic grade and basement age.
Fig.12  Regional distribution of Neoarchean basement around Dalian and Changhai in the Liaonan Block (modified after Meng et al., 2013).
Fig.13  Photographs of representative Neoarchean rocks at Dalian (a–c) and Changhai (d–i). Pl= plagioclase; Hb= hornblende; Bt= biotite; Q= quartz; kfs= K-feldspar; Ep= epidote; Ms= muscovite.
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