Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts, northeast China: origin from the new sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) metasomatized by potassium-rich fluids from delaminated lower crust

doi:10.1007/s11707-021-0960-3

Front. Earth Sci.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (4) : 989-1004 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0960-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts, northeast China: origin from the new sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) metasomatized by potassium-rich fluids from delaminated lower crust

Fanchao MENG^1,^2,³(

), Yulu TIAN¹, Yaoqi ZHOU^1,^2,³, Jiaqi LIU⁴, Gengchao ZUO¹, Qing DU¹

¹. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
². Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
³. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
⁴. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

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Abstract

A series of Cenozoic potassium-rich volcanic rocks developed in the Xiaoguli-Keluo-Wudalianchi-Erkeshan districts, northeast China. The source region and potassium-rich mechanism of the potassic rocks remain highly disputed. In this paper, the major elements, trace elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes of the volcanic rocks in Keluo (KL) and Wudalianchi (WDLC) volcanic districts were analyzed systematically. The results show that the volcanic rocks are characterized by high K₂O (4.36wt.%−6.13wt.%), remarkable enrichment in LREEs and LILEs, as well as the strong fractionation of HREEs. The isotopic characteristics with high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.704990–0.705272), low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.512306–0.512417), low ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (16.546–17.135) and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.002–15.783) of the volcanic rocks suggest the involvement of EM-I-type mantle. On the basis of the geochemical characteristics, the potassium-rich volcanic magma originated from the new SCLM forming after delamination of the ancient SCLM, with metasomatism of the potassium-rich fluids released from the ancient lower crust during the Late Mesozoic. The proposed genetic model assumes the source which represented by a phlogopite-bearing garnet peridotite (with modal garnet in the range of 2%–10%) experienced very low degrees (i.e., ~0.5) of partial melting. During Cenozoic, the lithosphere in northeast China was affected by the extension and decompression of continental rift, and the metasomatized SCLM underwent low degree partial melting, resulting in the formation of potassium-rich primitive basaltic magma.

Keywords northeast China Keluo-Wudalianchi volcanic districts Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks petrogenesis sub-continental lithospheric mantle

Corresponding Author(s): Fanchao MENG

Online First Date: 22 September 2022 Issue Date: 11 January 2023

Cite this article:

Fanchao MENG,Yulu TIAN,Yaoqi ZHOU, et al. Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts, northeast China: origin from the new sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) metasomatized by potassium-rich fluids from delaminated lower crust[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2022, 16(4): 989-1004.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-021-0960-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2022/V16/I4/989

Fig.1 (a) Geological sketch of northeast China (after Ren et al., 2002); (b) the investigated Cenozoic potassium-rich volcanic districts (after Zhao et al., 2014); (c) Geological sketch maps of Keluo and (d) Wudalianchi volcanic districts (after Zhao et al., 2014).

Fig.2 Photos of outcrops from the Bijiashan (a) and Huoshaoshan (b–c) volcanic cones in Wudalianchi, optical microscope images (d–f) of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Wudalianchi in northeast China. Ol, olivine; Cpx, clinopyroxene.

Sample number	Wudalianchi				Keluo
Sample number	WDLC-1	WDLC-2	WDLC-3	WDLC-4	KL-1	KL-2	KL-3	KL-4	KL-5	KL-6	KL-7
SiO₂	50.14	50.48	49.63	51.82	52.52	51.96	52.46	53.23	53.12	53.20	53.19
TiO₂	2.30	2.30	2.60	2.33	2.35	2.42	2.39	2.71	2.74	2.82	2.81
Al₂O₃	13.27	13.33	13.42	13.86	13.98	14.04	14.16	14.35	14.36	14.35	14.33
Fe₂O₃^T	9.69	9.65	9.83	9.01	8.97	9.06	8.67	8.32	8.26	8.63	8.53
MnO	0.131	0.13	0.124	0.116	0.107	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.101	0.1
MgO	7.62	7.54	7.43	7.08	6.08	5.92	5.88	4.38	4.31	4.25	4.24
CaO	7.60	7.39	7.15	6.70	6.30	6.30	6.17	5.34	5.39	5.46	5.44
Na₂O	3.70	3.69	3.52	3.45	3.55	3.73	3.93	4.11	3.94	3.86	3.95
K₂O	4.36	4.44	4.71	4.47	4.83	5.05	4.93	5.95	5.91	6.13	6.07
P₂O₅	0.988	0.948	0.993	0.901	0.907	0.926	0.93	1.09	1.07	1.09	1.1
LOI	0.10	0.00	0.55	0.16	0.28	0.37	?0.16	0.06	0.22	0.01	0.13
Total	99.90	99.90	99.96	99.90	99.87	99.89	99.47	99.64	99.42	99.90	99.89
La	97.3	94.9	84.4	79.2	82.8	80.8	82.6	95.6	102	103	105
Ce	174	171	151	143	150	147	146	168	178	185	188
Pr	20.2	20	17.3	17.2	17.5	17	16.9	19.9	20.6	21.4	21.7
Nd	77.5	76.5	66.7	64.7	68	66.2	68.1	77.6	78.2	81	79.5
Sm	12.9	12.8	10.9	11.2	11.3	11	10.6	12.2	12.3	13.3	12.9
Eu	3.81	3.8	3.31	3.39	3.34	3.27	3.25	3.57	3.64	3.88	3.78
Gd	10.3	10.3	8.96	9.1	9	8.7	8.87	9.5	9.83	10.3	10
Tb	1.39	1.37	1.2	1.22	1.19	1.15	1.21	1.31	1.32	1.35	1.31
Dy	6.64	6.59	5.84	5.74	5.66	5.41	5.42	5.77	5.71	6.28	6.19
Ho	1.02	1.01	0.89	0.884	0.854	0.824	0.755	0.808	0.856	0.945	0.929
Er	2.6	2.6	2.34	2.41	2.2	2.11	1.91	2.1	2.09	2.37	2.35
Tm	0.299	0.303	0.27	0.292	0.247	0.236	0.213	0.213	0.214	0.265	0.259
Yb	1.65	1.63	1.53	1.65	1.39	1.32	1.39	1.37	1.43	1.47	1.4
Lu	0.218	0.218	0.206	0.225	0.177	0.168	0.182	0.163	0.163	0.18	0.175
Sc	15.3	15.8	15.5	14.7	14.2	13.5	9.55	6.99	6.97	11.6	11.6
V	155	160	163	152	148	146	146	126	119	137	135
Cr	310	334	225	270	247	215	191	101	79.3	149	138
Co	39.3	40.5	38.9	38.7	36.3	35.6	37.3	29.7	30.1	30.2	29.6
Ni	169	168	148	163	111	101	106	58.5	60.5	59.8	58.6
Cu	42.7	42.3	38.5	53.5	33	32.1	40.1	34.3	32.7	34.2	39.5
Zn	131	140	126	129	132	132	137	126	149	142	144
Ga	20.9	22.2	21.8	22.8	25.3	24.3	25.8	25.3	26.9	26.2	26.4
Rb	82.4	86.8	95.7	106	97.6	97.5	102	118	122	120	120
Sr	1563	1550	1361	1408	1296	1326	1158	1348	1443	1618	1588
Y	25.3	25.4	23.2	23.6	21.6	20.8	20.9	21.6	22.5	23.7	23.4
Zr	753	785	787	798	867	826	?	?	?	1183	1170
Nb	61.3	63	65.4	56.1	59.3	57.4	57.1	70.6	74.9	77.2	76.7
Ba	1765	1797	1863	1773	1749	1771	1657	1828	1952	2149	2155
Hf	15.9	16.7	17	17.2	18.4	17.7	?	?	?	24.9	24.8
Ta	3.15	3.27	3.65	3.23	3.18	3.09	3.26	4.09	4.29	4.04	4.04
Pb	10.9	13.1	10.9	11.2	12.9	9.76	13	16.9	17.9	16.3	16.5
Th	7.32	7.57	7.47	6.56	7.34	6.92	7.17	8.28	8.96	8.97	8.85
U	1.54	1.65	1.54	1.46	1.55	1.48	1.49	1.82	1.98	2.01	1.98
Nb/U	39.81	38.18	42.47	38.42	38.26	38.78	38.32	38.79	37.83	38.41	38.74
Ce/Pb	15.96	13.05	13.85	12.77	11.63	15.06	11.23	9.94	9.94	11.35	11.39

Tab.1 Major elements (wt.%) and trace elements (×10^?6) contents for the investigated volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts

Fig.3 K₂O-Na₂O ((a), after Foley and Peccerillo, 1992) and TAS ((b), after Le Bas et al., 1986) diagrams for the volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts. B = basalt; Ph = phonolite; T = trachyte; O1 = basaltic andesite; O2 = andesite; O3 = dacite; S1 = trachybasalt; S2 = basaltic trachyandesite; S3 = trachyandesite; U1 = tephrite/basanite; U2 = phonotephrite; U3 = tephriphonolite.

Fig.4 Selected major and trace elements binary variation diagrams for the volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts (symbols and data source as in Fig. 3).

Fig.5 (a) Chondrite-normalized (after Sun and McDonough, 1989) and (b) primitive mantle-normalized (after McDonough and Sun, 1995) multielement plots for the volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts (symbols and data source as in Fig. 3). OIB, E-MORB and N-MORB are from Sun and McDonough (1989); GLOSS-Average are from Plank and Langmuir (1998).

Tab.2 Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios for the investigated volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts

Fig.6 (a) ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd vs. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr; (b) enlarged view of (a); (c) ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb; (d) ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb; (e) ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb; (f) ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb for the volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts (symbols and data source as in Fig. 3). DMM A (depleted MORB-mantle A), DMM B (depleted MORB-mantle B), EM I (enriched mantle I), EM II (enriched mantle II), PREMA (prevalent mantle), HIMU (mantle with high ²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb, U/Pb and Th/Pb values), MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt) and BSE (bulk silicate earth) are from Zindler (1986).

Fig.7 CaO/Al₂O₃ vs. MgO diagram for the volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts (symbols and data source as in Fig. 3).

Fig.8 (a) Ba/La, (b) Sr/Th, (c) Ba/Th and (d) Pb/U vs. Th/Nd plots for the volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts (symbols and data source as in Fig. 3). Melt and fluids metasomatism trends are indicated with arrows.

Fig.9 (a) La/Yb vs. La and (b) (Dy/Er)_N vs. (La/Sm) _N diagrams for the volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts (symbols and data source as in Fig. 3). 0%gt?15%gt reflects the different proportion of garnet in the source region, F = 0.001?F = 0.03 reflects different melting degree of the source region.

Tab.3 Parameters of partial melting simulation for the volcanic rocks from the Keluo and Wudalianchi volcanic districts (modified after Zhang and Guo, 2016)

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